Science & Technology MCQs in India for Competitive Exams
India General Knowledge
MODULE 8: Science & Technology (India-Specific) MCQs
Topic: Science & Technology MCQs in India for Competitive Exams
Systematic Sub-Topic Classification
For better conceptual clarity and exam relevance, the MCQs are arranged in a clear and chronological sequence:
- Foundations of Science & Technology in Independent India
- National Scientific Institutions & Research Bodies
- Space Science & Atomic Energy Developments
- Defence, Digital & Emerging Technologies
- Biotechnology, Agriculture & Medical Research
- National Missions, Awards & Contemporary Developments
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. Which ministry is responsible for coordinating science and technology development in India?
A. Ministry of Education
B. Ministry of Electronics & IT
C. Ministry of Science & Technology
D. Ministry of Defence
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The Ministry of Science & Technology coordinates India’s scientific research through departments like DST, DBT, and CSIR.
2. The Department of Science and Technology (DST) was established in:
A. 1965
B. 1971
C. 1975
D. 1980
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
DST was set up in 1971 to promote scientific research, innovation, and policy coordination in India.
3. Which organisation is the largest research and development network in India?
A. DRDO
B. ISRO
C. CSIR
D. ICMR
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) is India’s largest R&D organisation with laboratories across diverse scientific fields.
4. Which institution is regarded as India’s premier institute for advanced scientific research?
A. IIT Delhi
B. IISc Bengaluru
C. AIIMS Delhi
D. NIT Trichy
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) is India’s leading centre for advanced scientific and technological research.
5. India’s space research programme is led by which organisation?
A. DRDO
B. CSIR
C. ISRO
D. BARC
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is responsible for space science, satellite technology, and launch vehicles.
6. Who is known as the ‘Father of the Indian Space Programme’?
A. Satish Dhawan
B. Vikram Sarabhai
C. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
D. Homi J. Bhabha
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Vikram Sarabhai laid the foundation of India’s space programme with a development-oriented vision.
7. ISRO functions under which department?
A. Ministry of Defence
B. Ministry of Science & Technology
C. Department of Space
D. NITI Aayog
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
ISRO functions under the Department of Space, directly under the Prime Minister’s Office.
8. Which Indian mission successfully placed a spacecraft in Mars orbit in its first attempt?
A. Chandrayaan-1
B. Chandrayaan-2
C. Mangalyaan
D. Aditya-L1
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) showcased India’s cost-effective space technology.
9. India’s nuclear energy programme was pioneered by:
A. Meghnad Saha
B. C. V. Raman
C. Homi J. Bhabha
D. Raja Ramanna
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Homi J. Bhabha is regarded as the father of India’s nuclear programme.
10. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) is located at:
A. Kalpakkam
B. Trombay
C. Tarapur
D. Hyderabad
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
BARC is located at Trombay, Mumbai, and is India’s premier nuclear research facility.
11. Which organisation is responsible for defence research and development in India?
A. ISRO
B. DRDO
C. CSIR
D. HAL
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) develops defence technologies and weapon systems.
12. Who is popularly known as the ‘Missile Man of India’?
A. Vikram Sarabhai
B. Satish Dhawan
C. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
D. Brahm Prakash
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam played a key role in India’s missile development programmes.
13. Which initiative aims to transform India into a digitally empowered society?
A. Make in India
B. Digital India
C. Skill India
D. Startup India
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Digital India focuses on digital infrastructure, e-governance, and digital literacy.
14. Aadhaar is administered by which authority?
A. RBI
B. UIDAI
C. NIC
D. NPCI
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) manages Aadhaar-based digital identity.
15. UPI is operated by which organisation?
A. RBI
B. SEBI
C. NPCI
D. MeitY
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The National Payments Corporation of India operates the Unified Payments Interface.
16. Which body released India’s National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence?
A. MeitY
B. DST
C. NITI Aayog
D. RBI
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
NITI Aayog released the AI strategy titled AI for All.
17. India’s AI strategy primarily focuses on:
A. Defence dominance
B. Inclusive social development
C. Entertainment industry
D. Robotics exports
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
India promotes responsible and inclusive AI for healthcare, agriculture, education, and governance.
18. Which department promotes biotechnology research in India?
A. DST
B. DBT
C. ICMR
D. ICAR
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) supports biotechnology research and innovation.
19. Which organisation is the apex body for medical research in India?
A. AIIMS
B. DBT
C. ICMR
D. CSIR
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) coordinates biomedical research nationwide.
20. Agricultural research in India is coordinated by:
A. CSIR
B. ICAR
C. ICMR
D. DBT
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) leads agricultural R&D.
21. Who is known as the father of India’s Green Revolution?
A. Verghese Kurien
B. M. S. Swaminathan
C. B. P. Pal
D. C. Subramaniam
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
M. S. Swaminathan led high-yield crop research that transformed Indian agriculture.
22. Which mission focuses on developing indigenous supercomputing capability?
A. Digital India
B. National Supercomputing Mission
C. Startup India
D. AI for All
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The National Supercomputing Mission strengthens India’s high-performance computing ecosystem.
23. Which institution develops advanced computing and supercomputers in India?
A. NIC
B. C-DAC
C. ISRO
D. DRDO
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) is a leader in supercomputing and AI technologies.
24. Which law protects citizens’ digital personal data in India?
A. IT Act, 2000
B. National Cyber Security Policy
C. Digital Personal Data Protection Act
D. Telecom Policy
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The Digital Personal Data Protection Act safeguards digital privacy and data security.
25. Which initiative promotes innovation-driven entrepreneurship in technology?
A. Skill India
B. Make in India
C. Startup India
D. Digital India
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Startup India supports technology-based startups and innovation ecosystems.
26. Which award is known as India’s highest science award?
A. Padma Shri
B. Padma Bhushan
C. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize
D. Bharat Ratna
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize, awarded by CSIR, recognises excellence in scientific research.
27. Which Indian scientist won the Nobel Prize for the Raman Effect?
A. Meghnad Saha
B. Satyendra Nath Bose
C. C. V. Raman
D. Homi Bhabha
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
C. V. Raman won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.
28. Which Indian space mission studies the Sun?
A. Astrosat
B. Chandrayaan-3
C. Aditya-L1
D. Mangalyaan
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Aditya-L1 studies solar activity and space weather.
29. Which sector has benefited most from India-specific science and technology initiatives?
A. Tourism
B. Sports
C. Healthcare and Digital Services
D. Entertainment
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Advances in science and technology have significantly improved healthcare delivery and digital governance.
30. India’s Science & Technology initiatives primarily aim to achieve:
A. Scientific isolation
B. Technological dependence
C. Self-reliance and sustainable development
D. Only academic excellence
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
India’s S&T policies focus on self-reliance (Atmanirbhar Bharat), innovation, and sustainable national development.
✅ Exam Relevance
These Science & Technology MCQs in India are highly relevant for:
- UPSC (Prelims & GS Mains – Science & Technology)
- State PSCs (APSC, BPSC, RPSC, etc.)
- SSC, Banking & Railway Exams
- CUET & University Entrance Exams
- School & College Level Competitive Examinations
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Science and Technology GK MCQs India
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Indian science and technology questions
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UPSC science GK MCQs
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SSC science and technology questions
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State PSC science GK India
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Indian space and nuclear science MCQs
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Digital India science GK questions
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Biotechnology and AI MCQs India
🔹 Why Science & Technology MCQs in India Are Essential for Competitive Exams
Science & Technology is a high-weightage and scoring section in UPSC, SSC, and State PSC examinations. India-specific questions on space missions, nuclear energy, digital initiatives, biotechnology, defence research, and scientific institutions are repeatedly asked in prelims and objective papers.
This MCQ set provides chronological, concept-oriented, and syllabus-aligned coverage, helping aspirants master both static GK and science-based current affairs with confidence and exam precision.
🔹 FAQ Section
Q1. Why is Science & Technology important for competitive exams in India?
Because most exams test awareness of Indian scientific institutions, missions, policies, and technological applications rather than theoretical science.
Q2. Which Science & Technology topics are most important for UPSC and PSC exams?
ISRO missions, nuclear and defence research, Digital India, AI initiatives, biotechnology, and major scientific institutions are the most important topics.
Q3. Are Science & Technology questions static or current affairs based?
They are a mix of both. Static fundamentals are often linked with recent missions, policies, and technological developments.
Q4. Are these MCQs useful for SSC and Banking exams?
Yes. SSC, Banking, and Railway exams frequently ask direct MCQs on Indian science initiatives, digital platforms, and institutions.
Q5. Who should practice these Science & Technology MCQs?
UPSC, SSC, State PSC, Banking, Railways, CUET, university entrance aspirants, and school-level competitive exam students.
🔹 Targeting Exams
These Science & Technology MCQs in India are carefully structured to match the syllabus and difficulty level of:
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UPSC (Prelims & GS Mains – Science & Technology)
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State Public Service Commissions (APSC, BPSC, RPSC, MPPSC, etc.)
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SSC (CGL, CHSL, GD, MTS)
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Banking Exams (IBPS, SBI, RBI)
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Railway Exams (RRB NTPC, Group D)
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CUET & University Entrance Examinations
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School & College Level Competitive Examinations across India