Carbon and Its Compounds Part 1: MCQs (Q1–Q25)

🧪 Carbon and Its Compounds – Class 10 Science MCQs

Part 1: Covalent Bonding, Properties of Carbon, Hydrocarbons & Functional Groups – Basics (Q1–Q25)

Q1. Carbon has a valency of:

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

✅ Correct Answer: D. 4

Carbon has 4 valence electrons → forms 4 covalent bonds.

Q2. The bond formed by sharing of electrons is called:

A. Ionic bond
B. Electrovalent bond
C. Covalent bond
D. Metallic bond

✅ Correct Answer: C. Covalent bond

Ionic = transfer of electrons, Covalent = sharing of electrons.

Q3. Which property of carbon is responsible for formation of a large number of compounds?

A. Electropositivity
B. Allotropy
C. Catenation
D. Conduction

✅ Correct Answer: C. Catenation

Carbon chains bond with themselves forming long chains.

Q4. Carbon forms compounds mainly by:

A. Losing electrons
B. Gaining electrons
C. Sharing electrons
D. Both A & B

✅ Correct Answer: C. Sharing electrons

Carbon cannot lose or gain 4 electrons easily, so it shares → covalent bonding.

Q5. Which allotrope of carbon is the hardest natural substance?

A. Graphite
B. Diamond
C. Fullerenes
D. Charcoal

✅ Correct Answer: B. Diamond

Diamond: 3D tetrahedral structure → very hard.

Q6. Which allotrope of carbon conducts electricity?

A. Diamond
B. Graphite
C. Charcoal
D. Fullerene

✅ Correct Answer: B. Graphite

Free electrons in graphite allow conduction.

Q7. Which allotrope of carbon has a structure similar to a football?

A. Diamond
B. Graphite
C. Fullerene
D. Charcoal

✅ Correct Answer: C. Fullerene

C₆₀ molecules shaped like a soccer ball.

Q8. The ability of carbon to form single, double, and triple bonds is called:

A. Catenation
B. Tetravalency
C. Isomerism
D. Versatility

✅ Correct Answer: B. Tetravalency

Q9. Hydrocarbons are compounds of:

A. C and O
B. C and H
C. C, H, O
D. C and N

✅ Correct Answer: B. C and H

Q10. Which of these is an alkyne?

A. CH₄
B. C₂H₄
C. C₂H₂
D. C₆H₆

✅ Correct Answer: C. C₂H₂ (Ethyne)

Alkynes → triple bonds.

Q11. Which of the following is an alkene?

A. CH₄
B. C₂H₆
C. C₂H₄
D. C₃H₈

✅ Correct Answer: C. C₂H₄ (Ethene)

Double bond → alkenes.

Q12. Which of the following is saturated hydrocarbon?

A. C₂H₂
B. C₂H₄
C. CH₄
D. C₆H₆

✅ Correct Answer: C. CH₄

Alkanes (single bonds) → saturated.

Q13. General formula of alkanes is:

A. CnH₂n
B. CnH₂n+2
C. CnH₂n-2
D. CnH₂nO₂

✅ Correct Answer: B. CnH₂n+2

Q14. General formula of alkenes is:

A. CnH₂n
B. CnH₂n+2
C. CnH₂n-2
D. CnH₂n+1

✅ Correct Answer: A. CnH₂n

Q15. General formula of alkynes is:

A. CnH₂n
B. CnH₂n-2
C. CnH₂n+2
D. CnH₂nO

✅ Correct Answer: B. CnH₂n-2

Q16. Which functional group is present in alcohols?

A. –CHO
B. –OH
C. –COOH
D. –CO–

✅ Correct Answer: B. –OH

Q17. Which functional group is present in carboxylic acids?

A. –COOH
B. –OH
C. –CHO
D. –NH₂

✅ Correct Answer: A. –COOH

Q18. Which functional group is present in aldehydes?

A. –CHO
B. –OH
C. –COOH
D. –CO–

✅ Correct Answer: A. –CHO

Q19. Which functional group is present in ketones?

A. –OH
B. –COOH
C. –CHO
D. –CO–

✅ Correct Answer: D. –CO–

Q20. The simplest alcohol is:

A. Ethanol
B. Methanol
C. Propanol
D. Butanol

✅ Correct Answer: B. Methanol (CH₃OH)

Q21. Ethanol is commonly called:

A. Wood alcohol
B. Methyl alcohol
C. Rectified spirit
D. Grain alcohol

✅ Correct Answer: D. Grain alcohol

Methanol = wood alcohol. Ethanol from grains = grain alcohol.

Q22. Ethanoic acid is commonly known as:

A. Vinegar
B. Formic acid
C. Citric acid
D. Lactic acid

✅ Correct Answer: A. Vinegar

Q23. Which hydrocarbon undergoes substitution reaction?

A. Alkanes
B. Alkenes
C. Alkynes
D. Aromatic hydrocarbons

✅ Correct Answer: A. Alkanes

Saturated hydrocarbons show substitution.

Q24. Which hydrocarbon undergoes addition reaction?

A. Alkanes
B. Alkenes
C. Alkynes
D. Both B & C

✅ Correct Answer: D. Both B & C

Unsaturated hydrocarbons (double & triple bonds) → addition reactions.

Q25. Isomers are compounds which have:

A. Same molecular formula, different structure
B. Same structure, different formula
C. Same functional groups, same properties
D. Same name, different atoms

✅ Correct Answer: A. Same molecular formula, different structure

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