🌱 Management of Natural Resources – MCQs (Class 10 Science, NCERT)

🔹 Part 1: Questions 1–25

Q1. The 3Rs in sustainable resource management stand for:

A) Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
B) Rebuild, Reform, Repair
C) Reduce, Restore, Remove
D) Refuse, Reuse, Replace

Correct Answer: A) Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

Explanation:

• ✅ A) The 3Rs are key to minimizing waste and conserving resources.
• B) Not the correct NCERT guideline.
• C) Wrong – “remove” is not part of 3Rs.
• D) Incorrect combination.

Q2. Chipko Movement was related to conservation of:

A) Soil
B) Water
C) Forests
D) Fossil fuels

Correct Answer: C) Forests

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Villagers in Uttarakhand hugged trees to prevent cutting.
• A, B, D → Indirectly linked but not the main aim.

Q3. Which of the following is a renewable resource?

A) Coal
B) Petroleum
C) Wind energy
D) Natural gas

Correct Answer: C) Wind energy

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Wind energy → Inexhaustible, renewable.
• A, B, D → Fossil fuels, non-renewable.

Q4. Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel?

A) Coal
B) Petroleum
C) Natural gas
D) Biogas

Correct Answer: D) Biogas

Explanation:

• ✅ D) Biogas is renewable, formed from biomass.

Q5. The main objective of sustainable development is to:

A) Use all resources quickly
B) Conserve resources for future generations
C) Increase industrialization
D) Stop using all natural resources

Correct Answer: B) Conserve resources for future generations

Explanation:

• ✅ B) Sustainability ensures balance between use and conservation.

Q6. Which of the following causes deforestation?

A) Afforestation
B) Construction of dams
C) Social forestry
D) Chipko Movement

Correct Answer: B) Construction of dams

Explanation:

• ✅ B) Dams lead to cutting forests, displacement of people.
• A, C, D → Aim to conserve forests.

Q7. Which river is associated with the Tehri Dam?

A) Yamuna
B) Ganga
C) Bhagirathi
D) Godavari

Correct Answer: C) Bhagirathi

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Tehri dam is built on Bhagirathi River in Uttarakhand.

Q8. Which of the following is NOT a method of water conservation?

A) Rainwater harvesting
B) Construction of dams
C) Deforestation
D) Watershed management

Correct Answer: C) Deforestation

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Deforestation reduces groundwater recharge.

Q9. Ganga Action Plan was launched in:

A) 1982
B) 1985
C) 1990
D) 2000

Correct Answer: B) 1985

Explanation:

• ✅ B) GAP was launched to clean Ganga and reduce pollution.

Q10. Which of these is an example of community-based resource management?

A) Silent Valley Project
B) Chipko Movement
C) Ganga Action Plan
D) Ozone layer protection

Correct Answer: B) Chipko Movement

Explanation:

• ✅ B) Chipko was a people’s movement to protect forests.

Q11. Which of the following is NOT a natural resource?

A) Soil
B) Air
C) Plastic
D) Water

Correct Answer: C) Plastic

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Plastic is man-made, not a natural resource.

Q12. Which of the following methods reduces air pollution?

A) Use of CNG in vehicles
B) Cutting more trees
C) Burning fossil fuels
D) Increasing industries

Correct Answer: A) Use of CNG in vehicles

Explanation:

• ✅ A) CNG burns clean, reduces smoke and SO₂ emissions.

Q13. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?

A) Solar energy
B) Wind energy
C) Coal
D) Biomass

Correct Answer: C) Coal

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Fossil fuels are non-renewable.

Q14. The aim of water harvesting is to:

A) Increase industrial use
B) Increase surface run-off
C) Raise water table
D) Decrease irrigation

Correct Answer: C) Raise water table

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Water harvesting stores rainwater → groundwater recharge.

Q15. Which of these is a greenhouse gas?

A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Argon

Correct Answer: C) Carbon dioxide

Explanation:

• ✅ C) CO₂ traps heat, causes global warming.

Q16. Which practice leads to conservation of fossil fuels?

A) Overuse of cars
B) Switching to renewable energy
C) Burning more coal
D) Deforestation

Correct Answer: B) Switching to renewable energy

Explanation:

• ✅ B) Solar, wind, hydro reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

Q17. Which of the following is a traditional method of water conservation?

A) Check dams
B) Hydro power plants
C) Thermal power plants
D) Nuclear plants

Correct Answer: A) Check dams

Explanation:

• ✅ A) Traditional structures for storing water.

Q18. The main reason for constructing large dams is:

A) Only irrigation
B) Only electricity generation
C) Flood control, irrigation, electricity
D) Only tourism

Correct Answer: C) Flood control, irrigation, electricity

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Multipurpose projects serve multiple needs.

Q19. Which of these is NOT an advantage of dams?

A) Flood control
B) Irrigation
C) Groundwater recharge
D) Deforestation

Correct Answer: D) Deforestation

Explanation:

• ✅ D) Dams often lead to large-scale deforestation.

Q20. Which of the following is a disadvantage of large dams?

A) Soil erosion
B) Displacement of people
C) Renewable energy generation
D) Flood control

Correct Answer: B) Displacement of people

Explanation:

• ✅ B) Millions displaced due to submergence of land.

Q21. Which program was started to clean rivers in India?

A) Namami Gange
B) Yamuna Project
C) Ganga Action Plan
D) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

Correct Answer: C) Ganga Action Plan

Explanation:

• ✅ C) GAP (1985) was aimed at reducing pollution in River Ganga.

Q22. Which practice reduces soil erosion?

A) Overgrazing
B) Deforestation
C) Terrace farming
D) Monoculture

Correct Answer: C) Terrace farming

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Terrace farming reduces water run-off, prevents erosion.

Q23. Which one of these is a fossil fuel?

A) Biogas
B) Wood
C) Petroleum
D) Charcoal

Correct Answer: C) Petroleum

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Petroleum is a fossil fuel, non-renewable.

Q24. Which of the following is a disadvantage of water harvesting?

A) Increases water availability
B) Helps irrigation
C) Prevents floods
D) High initial cost

Correct Answer: D) High initial cost

Explanation:

• ✅ D) Construction requires investment though benefits are long-term.

Q25. Which of the following is a non-conventional energy resource?

A) Solar energy
B) Coal
C) Petroleum
D) Natural gas

Correct Answer: A) Solar energy

Explanation:

• ✅ A) Solar → non-conventional, renewable, clean.

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