🔋 Sources of Energy – MCQs (Class 10 Science, NCERT)

🔹 Part 2: Questions 26–50

Q26. Which energy source is best suited for remote villages?

A) Nuclear energy
B) Thermal power
C) Solar energy
D) Natural gas

Correct Answer: C) Solar energy

Explanation:

• A) Nuclear → Needs large plants, not village-friendly.
• B) Thermal → Requires coal, pollution.
• ✅ C) Solar → Easy installation in villages, renewable.
• D) Natural gas → Not available everywhere.

Q27. The form of energy obtained from flowing water is:

A) Kinetic energy
B) Potential energy converted into electricity
C) Chemical energy
D) Nuclear energy

Correct Answer: B) Potential energy converted into electricity

Explanation:

• ✅ B) Water stored at height → Potential energy → Turbine → Electricity.

Q28. Which of the following is a conventional source of energy?

A) Wind energy
B) Solar energy
C) Coal
D) Geothermal

Correct Answer: C) Coal

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Coal → Conventional, fossil fuel.

Q29. Which of the following is a non-conventional energy source?

A) Petroleum
B) Coal
C) Wind energy
D) Natural gas

Correct Answer: C) Wind energy

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Wind → Renewable, non-conventional.

Q30. Biogas is produced by:

A) Burning wood
B) Fermentation of sugarcane
C) Anaerobic decomposition of biomass
D) Distillation of coal

Correct Answer: C) Anaerobic decomposition of biomass

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Produced by microbial action without oxygen.

Q31. Which country uses maximum nuclear energy?

A) India
B) USA
C) Russia
D) France

Correct Answer: B) USA

Explanation:

• ✅ B) USA has maximum installed nuclear power plants.

Q32. Which is the cleanest fuel among fossil fuels?

A) Coal
B) Petroleum
C) Natural gas
D) Kerosene

Correct Answer: C) Natural gas

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Burns efficiently with less CO₂, SO₂ emissions.

Q33. Which of these is NOT a disadvantage of hydro power?

A) Submergence of land
B) High cost of dams
C) Pollution of air
D) Displacement of people

Correct Answer: C) Pollution of air

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Hydro power is clean, no air pollution.

Q34. The main greenhouse gas released on burning fossil fuels is:

A) O₂
B) N₂
C) CO₂
D) SO₂

Correct Answer: C) CO₂

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Carbon dioxide → Causes global warming.

Q35. Which of these is a disadvantage of wind energy?

A) Renewable
B) Eco-friendly
C) Irregular supply
D) Pollution-free

Correct Answer: C) Irregular supply

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Wind energy depends on speed and availability of wind.

Q36. Which is the ultimate source of geothermal energy?

A) Sun
B) Earth’s interior heat
C) Ocean tides
D) Fossil fuels

Correct Answer: B) Earth’s interior heat

Explanation:

• ✅ B) Hot magma beneath surface releases geothermal energy.

Q37. Which of these does NOT produce greenhouse gases?

A) Biogas
B) Solar energy
C) Coal burning
D) Petroleum burning

Correct Answer: B) Solar energy

Explanation:

• ✅ B) Solar → Clean source, no greenhouse gases.

Q38. Ocean thermal energy requires a minimum temperature difference of:

A) 5°C
B) 10°C
C) 20°C
D) 30°C

Correct Answer: C) 20°C

Explanation:

• ✅ C) OTEC plants require ≥20°C difference between surface and deep ocean water.

Q39. The efficiency of a thermal power plant is low because:

A) Coal is cheap
B) Heat is lost in exhaust gases
C) Electricity is high voltage
D) Turbines are weak

Correct Answer: B) Heat is lost in exhaust gases

Explanation:

• ✅ B) Much heat energy wasted → Low efficiency (~30–35%).

Q40. Which of these is NOT a limitation of solar energy?

A) High installation cost
B) Dependent on weather
C) Renewable and clean
D) Needs large surface area

Correct Answer: C) Renewable and clean

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Being renewable & clean is an advantage, not limitation.

Q41. Nuclear fusion occurs in:

A) Sun
B) Nuclear reactor
C) Earth’s core
D) Thermal plant

Correct Answer: A) Sun

Explanation:

• ✅ A) Sun’s energy from fusion of hydrogen nuclei → helium.

Q42. Tidal energy is harnessed by:

A) Thermal plants
B) Windmills
C) Dams at sea shores
D) Solar panels

Correct Answer: C) Dams at sea shores

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Barrages trap water during tides to generate electricity.

Q43. The most suitable fuel for transportation is:

A) Coal
B) Kerosene
C) Petroleum
D) Biogas

Correct Answer: C) Petroleum

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Petroleum → High calorific value, liquid fuel.

Q44. The solar cell converts:

A) Heat → Electricity
B) Solar energy → Chemical energy
C) Solar energy → Electrical energy
D) Light → Sound

Correct Answer: C) Solar energy → Electrical energy

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Photovoltaic effect in semiconductors.

Q45. Which type of mirror is used in solar cooker?

A) Plane mirror
B) Concave mirror
C) Convex mirror
D) Cylindrical mirror

Correct Answer: B) Concave mirror

Explanation:

• ✅ B) Concave mirror converges sunlight at focus, raises temperature.

Q46. Which is the major disadvantage of nuclear power plants?

A) Small energy production
B) High fuel cost
C) Radioactive waste disposal
D) High labour requirement

Correct Answer: C) Radioactive waste disposal

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Wastes remain dangerous for thousands of years.

Q47. The calorific value of a fuel is measured in:

A) J/kg
B) J/g
C) KJ/mol
D) J/m²

Correct Answer: A) J/kg

Explanation:

• ✅ A) Energy released per unit mass.

Q48. Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel?

A) Coal
B) Petroleum
C) Natural gas
D) Biogas

Correct Answer: D) Biogas

Explanation:

• ✅ D) Biogas is renewable, produced from biomass.

Q49. Which of these sources produces the least pollution?

A) Coal
B) Petroleum
C) Natural gas
D) Biogas

Correct Answer: D) Biogas

Explanation:

• ✅ D) Biogas burns almost smokelessly, less pollution.

Q50. Which of these has the highest calorific value?

A) Coal
B) Petrol
C) Hydrogen
D) Biogas

Correct Answer: C) Hydrogen

Explanation:

• ✅ C) Hydrogen has ~150 kJ/g, highest among all fuels.

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