Heredity and Evolution Part 3: MCQs (Q51–Q75)
📘 Heredity and Evolution – MCQs (Class 10 Science)
🔹 Part 3: Questions 51–75
Q51. Which of the following is NOT an inherited trait?
A) Natural hair color
B) Blood group
C) Ability to speak English
D) Eye color
Correct Answer: C) Ability to speak English
Explanation:
- A, B, D → Inherited genetically.
- ✅ C) Learning a language is acquired, not inherited.
Q52. Which law of Mendel states that factors separate during gamete formation?
A) Law of independent assortment
B) Law of dominance
C) Law of segregation
D) Theory of acquired characters
Correct Answer: C) Law of segregation
Explanation:
- ✅ C) Alleles segregate during gamete formation.
- A) Independent assortment → Traits inherit independently.
- B) Dominance → One allele masks another.
- D) Acquired characters → Rejected theory.
Q53. The evolution of horse is an example of:
A) Artificial selection
B) Gradual evolution
C) Mutation theory
D) Speciation
Correct Answer: B) Gradual evolution
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Horses evolved gradually from small, multi-toed ancestors.
- A, C, D → Not correct.
Q54. Which of the following is an example of homologous organs?
A) Wing of bird and bat
B) Wing of bird and insect
C) Flipper of whale and forelimb of man
D) Potato and sweet potato
Correct Answer: C) Flipper of whale and forelimb of man
Explanation:
- ✅ C) Same structure, different functions → Homologous.
- A) Bird & bat → Analogous.
- B) Bird & insect → Analogous.
- D) Potato (stem) & sweet potato (root) → Different origin.
Q55. Which of the following provides strongest evidence for organic evolution?
A) Homologous organs
B) Fossils
C) Vestigial organs
D) Analogous organs
Correct Answer: B) Fossils
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Fossils → Direct evidence of past organisms and evolutionary stages.
- A, C, D → Indirect evidences.
Q56. Which statement is correct about analogous organs?
A) Similar in structure, different in function
B) Similar in function, different in structure
C) Different in both structure and function
D) Same in both structure and function
Correct Answer: B) Similar in function, different in structure
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Analogous organs → Evolved separately for same function (e.g., bird wing & insect wing).
- A, C, D → Wrong definitions.
Q57. What is the genetic makeup of a pure tall pea plant?
A) TT
B) Tt
C) tt
D) TTT
Correct Answer: A) TT
Explanation:
- ✅ A) Homozygous dominant = TT.
- B) Tt → Heterozygous tall.
- C) tt → Dwarf.
- D) TTT → Not possible.
Q58. Which of the following determines the sex of a child in humans?
A) Chromosomes of mother
B) Chromosomes of father
C) Hormones of mother
D) Placenta
Correct Answer: B) Chromosomes of father
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Sperm carries X or Y, determines sex.
- A) Mother → Always contributes X.
- C, D → Not sex-determining.
Q59. The evolution of eye in different organisms is an example of:
A) Homologous evolution
B) Analogous evolution
C) Convergent evolution
D) Divergent evolution
Correct Answer: C) Convergent evolution
Explanation:
- ✅ C) Eye evolved independently in different lineages, similar function but different origin.
- A, B, D → Not applicable here.
Q60. Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
A) Darwin – Acquired characters
B) Lamarck – Natural selection
C) Mendel – Laws of inheritance
D) Weismann – Evolution by mutation
Correct Answer: C) Mendel – Laws of inheritance
Explanation:
- ✅ C) Mendel → Father of genetics.
- A) Darwin → Natural selection.
- B) Lamarck → Acquired characters.
- D) Weismann → Disproved Lamarck, not mutation theory.
Q61. Which of the following is NOT an evidence of evolution?
A) Homologous organs
B) Fossils
C) Vestigial organs
D) Balanced diet
Correct Answer: D) Balanced diet
Explanation:
- ✅ D) Diet → Related to health, not evolution.
- A, B, C → Evidences of evolution.
Q62. The sudden appearance of black moths in industrial areas is an example of:
A) Mutation
B) Adaptation
C) Natural selection
D) Speciation
Correct Answer: C) Natural selection
Explanation:
- ✅ C) Dark moths survived better in polluted areas, light moths declined.
- A, B, D → Not exact explanation.
Q63. The wings of bat and the flippers of whale are:
A) Homologous organs
B) Analogous organs
C) Vestigial organs
D) Fossil organs
Correct Answer: A) Homologous organs
Explanation:
- ✅ A) Same origin, different functions.
- B) Analogous → Bird wing & insect wing.
- C, D → Not correct.
Q64. The preserved remains or impressions of ancient organisms are called:
A) Fossils
B) Vestiges
C) Analogues
D) Genes
Correct Answer: A) Fossils
Explanation:
- ✅ A) Fossils → Direct evidence of past life.
- B, C, D → Wrong terms.
Q65. Which of the following is a vestigial structure in human beings?
A) Wisdom teeth
B) Heart
C) Kidney
D) Lungs
Correct Answer: A) Wisdom teeth
Explanation:
- ✅ A) Wisdom teeth → Rudimentary, often non-functional.
- B, C, D → Vital organs.
Q66. In a monohybrid cross, the F2 generation shows phenotypic ratio of:
A) 3:1
B) 1:2:1
C) 9:3:3:1
D) 1:1
Correct Answer: A) 3:1
Explanation:
- ✅ A) Dominant : recessive = 3:1.
- B) 1:2:1 → Genotypic ratio.
- C) Dihybrid ratio.
- D) Test cross.
Q67. Evolution of Darwin’s finches in Galapagos Islands is due to:
A) Artificial selection
B) Geographic isolation
C) Mutation
D) Incomplete dominance
Correct Answer: B) Geographic isolation
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Different islands → Different food habits → Different beak shapes.
- A, C, D → Not correct.
Q68. The sequence of human evolution is best supported by:
A) Fossils
B) Analogous organs
C) Acquired characters
D) Hormones
Correct Answer: A) Fossils
Explanation:
- ✅ A) Fossils → Provide direct timeline of human ancestors.
- B, C, D → Not direct evidences.
Q69. A heterozygous tall pea plant (Tt) crossed with dwarf (tt) produces offspring in ratio:
A) 1 tall : 1 dwarf
B) 3 tall : 1 dwarf
C) All tall
D) All dwarf
Correct Answer: A) 1 tall : 1 dwarf
Explanation:
- ✅ A) Tt × tt → 50% Tt (tall), 50% tt (dwarf).
- B, C, D → Wrong ratios.
Q70. The existence of gills in the embryo of mammals indicates:
A) Acquired traits
B) Evolutionary relationship with fish
C) Mutation
D) Adaptation
Correct Answer: B) Evolutionary relationship with fish
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Embryology shows common ancestry.
- A, C, D → Incorrect explanations.
Q71. Who is regarded as the “Father of Evolution”?
A) Darwin
B) Mendel
C) Lamarck
D) Wallace
Correct Answer: A) Darwin
Explanation:
- ✅ A) Darwin → Natural selection, “Origin of Species”.
- B, C, D → Other contributions.
Q72. Which of the following is an example of natural selection?
A) Farmers selecting better seeds
B) Dark-colored moths surviving better in industrial areas
C) Scientists producing hybrid plants
D) Learning to play guitar
Correct Answer: B) Dark-colored moths surviving better in industrial areas
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Survival advantage = Natural selection.
- A, C → Artificial selection.
- D → Acquired skill.
Q73. Which of the following traits in humans is controlled by a single gene?
A) Height
B) Skin color
C) Blood group
D) Intelligence
Correct Answer: C) Blood group
Explanation:
- ✅ C) ABO blood group controlled by single gene with three alleles.
- A, B, D → Polygenic traits.
Q74. In humans, sex-linked traits are generally present on:
A) X chromosome
B) Y chromosome
C) Autosomes
D) Mitochondria
Correct Answer: A) X chromosome
Explanation:
- ✅ A) Most sex-linked disorders (e.g., hemophilia, color blindness) carried on X chromosome.
- B, C, D → Rarely linked.
Q75. The process by which new species arise is called:
A) Evolution
B) Speciation
C) Variation
D) Inheritance
Correct Answer: B) Speciation
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Speciation → Formation of new species due to isolation and genetic changes.
- A, C, D → Broader terms.
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