Heredity and Evolution Part 4: MCQs (Q76–Q100)
📘 Heredity and Evolution – MCQs (Class 10 Science)
🔹 Part 4: Questions 76–100
Q76. Which of the following is a vestigial organ in humans?
A) Nostrils
B) Coccyx (tail bone)
C) Pancreas
D) Kidney
Correct Answer: B) Coccyx (tail bone)
Explanation:
- A) Nostrils → Functional.
- ✅ B) Coccyx → Remnant of ancestral tail.
- C, D → Vital organs.
Q77. In Mendel’s dihybrid cross, the phenotypic ratio obtained in F2 generation is:
A) 3:1
B) 1:2:1
C) 9:3:3:1
D) 2:1
Correct Answer: C) 9:3:3:1
Explanation:
- ✅ C) Dihybrid cross → Four different phenotypes in this ratio.
- A, B, D → Ratios of other crosses.
Q78. The similarity in bone structure of forelimbs of whale, bat, cheetah and human is evidence of:
A) Adaptive radiation
B) Analogous organs
C) Homologous organs
D) Artificial selection
Correct Answer: C) Homologous organs
Explanation:
- ✅ C) Same basic structure, different functions.
- A) Adaptive radiation → Evolution from common ancestor.
- B) Analogous → Different structure, same function.
- D) Not relevant.
Q79. Which is NOT a direct evidence of organic evolution?
A) Fossils
B) Comparative anatomy
C) Embryology
D) Vestigial organs
Correct Answer: A) Fossils
Explanation:
- ✅ A) Fossils → Direct evidence.
- B, C, D → Indirect evidences.
Q80. The father of evolution is:
A) Darwin
B) Lamarck
C) Mendel
D) Wallace
Correct Answer: A) Darwin
Explanation:
- ✅ A) Darwin → Natural selection theory.
- B, C, D → Other contributions.
Q81. Which of the following is NOT inherited from parents?
A) Eye color
B) Blood group
C) Height
D) Personality
Correct Answer: D) Personality
Explanation:
- A, B, C → Genetically influenced.
- ✅ D) Personality → Developed, not inherited.
Q82. Which of the following is NOT a source of variation?
A) Mutation
B) Sexual reproduction
C) Asexual reproduction
D) Genetic recombination
Correct Answer: C) Asexual reproduction
Explanation:
- ✅ C) Asexual → Produces identical offspring, no variation.
- A, B, D → Sources of variation.
Q83. Which term refers to sudden changes in DNA?
A) Mutation
B) Variation
C) Evolution
D) Inheritance
Correct Answer: A) Mutation
Explanation:
- ✅ A) Mutation → Sudden change in DNA sequence.
- B, C, D → Broader processes.
Q84. Which of the following is an acquired trait?
A) Curly hair
B) Blood group
C) Muscular body due to exercise
D) Skin color
Correct Answer: C) Muscular body due to exercise
Explanation:
- ✅ C) Acquired by individual, not inherited.
- A, B, D → Genetic.
Q85. The idea that only the fittest organisms survive was proposed by:
A) Mendel
B) Darwin
C) Lamarck
D) Morgan
Correct Answer: B) Darwin
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Darwin → “Survival of the fittest” through natural selection.
- A, C, D → Other contributions.
Q86. Which of the following pairs are analogous organs?
A) Forelimb of man and bat
B) Wing of bird and bat
C) Flipper of whale and hand of man
D) Wing of bird and insect
Correct Answer: D) Wing of bird and insect
Explanation:
- ✅ D) Same function, different structure = Analogous.
- A, B, C → Homologous.
Q87. The presence of vestigial organs indicates:
A) Sudden mutation
B) Common ancestry
C) No evolution
D) Use and disuse theory
Correct Answer: B) Common ancestry
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Vestigial organs → Proof of evolutionary link.
- A, C, D → Not correct.
Q88. In pea plants, tallness (T) is dominant over dwarfness (t). A cross between Tt and Tt gives ratio:
A) 3 tall : 1 dwarf
B) 2 tall : 1 dwarf
C) 1 tall : 1 dwarf
D) All tall
Correct Answer: A) 3 tall : 1 dwarf
Explanation:
- ✅ A) Classic Mendelian monohybrid ratio.
- B, C, D → Incorrect.
Q89. The fossil of Archaeopteryx shows that it had features of:
A) Reptiles and mammals
B) Birds and mammals
C) Reptiles and birds
D) Amphibians and reptiles
Correct Answer: C) Reptiles and birds
Explanation:
- ✅ C) Had teeth & tail (reptiles) and feathers (birds).
Q90. Which of the following is an example of divergent evolution?
A) Wing of bird and insect
B) Forelimb of man and whale
C) Wing of bat and butterfly
D) Eye of octopus and human
Correct Answer: B) Forelimb of man and whale
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Divergent → Same structure, different functions.
- A, C, D → Analogous/convergent.
Q91. Evolutionary changes that are small and gradual are called:
A) Microevolution
B) Macroevolution
C) Mutation
D) Speciation
Correct Answer: A) Microevolution
Explanation:
- ✅ A) Small changes within a species.
- B) Macroevolution → Large changes (new species).
- C, D → Not correct.
Q92. The hereditary information is stored in:
A) Protein
B) RNA
C) DNA
D) Carbohydrates
Correct Answer: C) DNA
Explanation:
- ✅ C) DNA → Genetic material in most organisms.
- A, B, D → Not primary hereditary material.
Q93. Which of the following is a polygenic trait in humans?
A) Blood group
B) Height
C) Eye color in Drosophila
D) Tongue rolling
Correct Answer: B) Height
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Height → Controlled by multiple genes.
- A → Single gene.
- C, D → Not polygenic.
Q94. Which scientist worked with Drosophila to study sex-linked traits?
A) Mendel
B) Morgan
C) Darwin
D) Lamarck
Correct Answer: B) Morgan
Explanation:
- ✅ B) T.H. Morgan → Linked genes & sex-linked inheritance.
- Others → Different contributions.
Q95. Which evidence of evolution is provided by study of embryos?
A) Comparative anatomy
B) Paleontology
C) Embryology
D) Genetics
Correct Answer: C) Embryology
Explanation:
- ✅ C) Similar embryos in early stages show common ancestry.
- A, B, D → Other evidences.
Q96. The human appendix is homologous to:
A) Tail of monkey
B) Large intestine of herbivores
C) Gills of fish
D) Lungs of amphibians
Correct Answer: B) Large intestine of herbivores
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Appendix → Digestive role in herbivores, vestigial in humans.
Q97. In evolution, the term “survival of the fittest” means:
A) Strongest organisms survive
B) Organisms best adapted to environment survive
C) Only herbivores survive
D) Organisms with largest size survive
Correct Answer: B) Organisms best adapted to environment survive
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Fitness means adaptation, not strength.
- A, C, D → Misinterpretations.
Q98. The genetic makeup of an organism is called:
A) Phenotype
B) Genotype
C) Trait
D) Character
Correct Answer: B) Genotype
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Genotype → Genetic constitution.
- A → Observable characters.
- C, D → Related terms, not exact.
Q99. The organs which perform similar function but have different origin are called:
A) Homologous organs
B) Analogous organs
C) Vestigial organs
D) Fossils
Correct Answer: B) Analogous organs
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Same function, different structure.
- A, C, D → Not correct.
Q100. The process by which characteristics are passed from parents to offspring is called:
A) Variation
B) Heredity
C) Evolution
D) Adaptation
Correct Answer: B) Heredity
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Heredity → Transfer of traits across generations.
- A, C, D → Different processes.
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