Sources of Energy Part 1: MCQs (Q1–Q25)
🔋 Sources of Energy – MCQs (Class 10 Science, NCERT)
🔹 Part 1: Questions 1–25
Q1. Which of the following is a renewable source of energy?
A) Coal
B) Petroleum
C) Solar energy
D) Natural gas
Correct Answer: C) Solar energy
Explanation:
- A) Coal → Non-renewable fossil fuel.
- B) Petroleum → Non-renewable fossil fuel.
- ✅ C) Solar energy → Renewable, inexhaustible.
- D) Natural gas → Non-renewable fossil fuel.
Q2. Which of the following is a non-renewable energy source?
A) Wind
B) Sunlight
C) Coal
D) Water
Correct Answer: C) Coal
Explanation:
- ✅ C) Coal → Fossil fuel, limited reserves, non-renewable.
- A, B, D → Renewable natural sources.
Q3. The main disadvantage of fossil fuels is that they:
A) Are cheap
B) Cause pollution
C) Are renewable
D) Produce high energy
Correct Answer: B) Cause pollution
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Burning → CO₂, SO₂, global warming, acid rain.
- A, D → Fossil fuels are cheap & energy-dense.
- C → Wrong, fossil fuels are non-renewable.
Q4. The process of harnessing energy from moving air is called:
A) Hydro power
B) Wind energy
C) Geothermal energy
D) Tidal energy
Correct Answer: B) Wind energy
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Windmills convert kinetic energy of air → electricity.
- A, C, D → Different energy sources.
Q5. Which is the ultimate source of energy for Earth?
A) Coal
B) Water
C) Sun
D) Nuclear fuel
Correct Answer: C) Sun
Explanation:
- ✅ C) Sun → Provides solar, wind, hydro, and biomass energy indirectly.
- A, B, D → Derived from solar origin.
Q6. Which of these is an example of bio-mass energy?
A) Firewood
B) Wind
C) Tides
D) Geothermal
Correct Answer: A) Firewood
Explanation:
- ✅ A) Firewood, biogas → Biomass energy sources.
- B, C, D → Non-biomass sources.
Q7. The main component of biogas is:
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Oxygen
C) Methane
D) Nitrogen
Correct Answer: C) Methane
Explanation:
- ✅ C) Biogas → ~75% methane (CH₄), major combustible component.
Q8. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of good fuel?
A) High calorific value
B) Low smoke
C) High cost
D) Easy availability
Correct Answer: C) High cost
Explanation:
- ✅ C) Good fuel → Cheap, easily available, eco-friendly, efficient.
Q9. The major problem of using nuclear energy is:
A) Low efficiency
B) High fuel cost
C) Disposal of radioactive waste
D) Low energy production
Correct Answer: C) Disposal of radioactive waste
Explanation:
- ✅ C) Nuclear waste remains hazardous for thousands of years.
Q10. Hydro power plants convert:
A) Kinetic energy of water → Heat
B) Potential energy of water → Electricity
C) Solar energy → Electricity
D) Biomass → Heat
Correct Answer: B) Potential energy of water → Electricity
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Dams store water at height → Potential energy → Turbines → Electricity.
Q11. Which of the following is a non-conventional source of energy?
A) Coal
B) Wind
C) Natural gas
D) Petroleum
Correct Answer: B) Wind
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Wind → Non-conventional, renewable.
- A, C, D → Conventional fossil fuels.
Q12. Which of the following is a fossil fuel?
A) Wood
B) Biogas
C) Coal
D) Solar
Correct Answer: C) Coal
Explanation:
- ✅ C) Fossil fuels = coal, petroleum, natural gas.
Q13. Which type of energy source is tidal energy?
A) Conventional and renewable
B) Non-conventional and renewable
C) Non-renewable
D) Fossil fuel
Correct Answer: B) Non-conventional and renewable
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Tidal energy → Non-conventional, but renewable.
Q14. Which is the cleanest source of energy?
A) Coal
B) Petroleum
C) Solar energy
D) Natural gas
Correct Answer: C) Solar energy
Explanation:
- ✅ C) Solar → Zero pollution, clean.
Q15. Which is NOT an advantage of wind energy?
A) Renewable
B) Eco-friendly
C) Cheap installation
D) Pollution-free
Correct Answer: C) Cheap installation
Explanation:
- ✅ C) Windmills require high initial cost, large land.
Q16. Biogas plants are mainly useful in:
A) Urban areas
B) Villages
C) Cities
D) Industrial areas
Correct Answer: B) Villages
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Villages → Availability of cow dung, organic waste.
Q17. The fuel used in nuclear reactor is:
A) Uranium-235
B) Coal
C) Methane
D) Hydrogen
Correct Answer: A) Uranium-235
Explanation:
- ✅ A) U-235 → Used in fission.
Q18. The source of geothermal energy is:
A) Sunlight
B) Heat from Earth’s interior
C) Ocean currents
D) Winds
Correct Answer: B) Heat from Earth’s interior
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Geothermal energy → From molten rocks inside Earth.
Q19. Which is NOT a renewable source of energy?
A) Wind
B) Tidal
C) Petroleum
D) Solar
Correct Answer: C) Petroleum
Explanation:
- ✅ C) Petroleum → Fossil fuel, non-renewable.
Q20. The process of splitting heavy nucleus into lighter nuclei with energy release is:
A) Fusion
B) Fission
C) Combustion
D) Radiation
Correct Answer: B) Fission
Explanation:
- ✅ B) Nuclear fission → Basis of nuclear reactors.
Q21. The process of combining lighter nuclei to form heavier nucleus with energy release is:
A) Fusion
B) Fission
C) Combustion
D) Radiation
Correct Answer: A) Fusion
Explanation:
- ✅ A) Fusion → Occurs in Sun, enormous energy release.
Q22. Which one is the direct use of solar energy?
A) Cooking in solar cooker
B) Electricity from hydro power
C) Biogas production
D) Nuclear energy
Correct Answer: A) Cooking in solar cooker
Explanation:
- ✅ A) Solar cooker directly uses sunlight.
Q23. Which of the following is a disadvantage of solar cells?
A) Require little maintenance
B) Produce DC
C) High installation cost
D) Renewable source
Correct Answer: C) High installation cost
Explanation:
- ✅ C) Solar cells are expensive currently.
Q24. Ocean thermal energy is harnessed from:
A) Surface and deep water temperature difference
B) Ocean waves
C) Ocean currents
D) Salinity differences
Correct Answer: A) Surface and deep water temperature difference
Explanation:
- ✅ A) OTEC plants use temperature difference ≥ 20°C.
Q25. The most abundant fossil fuel is:
A) Coal
B) Petroleum
C) Natural gas
D) Uranium
Correct Answer: A) Coal
Explanation:
- ✅ A) Coal is abundant among fossil fuels.
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