📘 Control and Coordination – MCQs (Class 10 Science)

🔹 Part 1: Questions 1–25

Q1. Control and coordination in higher animals is performed by:

A) Nervous system and hormones
B) Only nervous system
C) Only hormones
D) Digestive system

Correct Answer: A) Nervous system and hormones

Explanation:

• ✅ A) Both nervous system and hormones → Coordinate functions in animals.
• B) Nervous system alone → Not sufficient, hormones also needed.
• C) Hormones alone → Too slow for reflexes.
• D) Digestive system → Digests food, not control.

Q2. The functional unit of the nervous system is:

A) Axon
B) Dendrite
C) Neuron
D) Brain

Correct Answer: C) Neuron

Explanation:

• A) Axon → Part of neuron.
• B) Dendrite → Part of neuron.
• ✅ C) Neuron → Basic unit, transmits impulses.
• D) Brain → Organ made of neurons.

Q3. In plants, coordination is carried out by:

A) Nervous system
B) Hormones
C) Enzymes
D) Blood

Correct Answer: B) Hormones

Explanation:

• A) Nervous system → Absent in plants.
• ✅ B) Hormones like auxin → Regulate responses.
• C) Enzymes → Catalysts, not coordination.
• D) Blood → Absent in plants.

Q4. The gap between two neurons is called:

A) Axon
B) Dendrite
C) Synapse
D) Node

Correct Answer: C) Synapse

Explanation:

• A) Axon → Nerve fibre.
• B) Dendrite → Branch-like projection.
• ✅ C) Synapse → Gap across which impulses pass chemically.
• D) Node → Part of Ranvier in myelinated axons.

Q5. Which part of the brain controls voluntary actions?

A) Cerebellum
B) Cerebrum
C) Medulla
D) Pons

Correct Answer: B) Cerebrum

Explanation:

• A) Cerebellum → Balance and posture.
• ✅ B) Cerebrum → Intelligence, memory, voluntary actions.
• C) Medulla → Involuntary actions (heartbeat, breathing).
• D) Pons → Relays signals.

Q6. Reflex actions are controlled by:

A) Brain
B) Spinal cord
C) Heart
D) Medulla

Correct Answer: B) Spinal cord

Explanation:

• A) Brain → Involves thinking, slow.
• ✅ B) Spinal cord → Controls quick reflexes.
• C) Heart → No role in reflexes.
• D) Medulla → Controls involuntary actions, not reflexes.

Q7. Which plant hormone is responsible for cell elongation?

A) Cytokinin
B) Auxin
C) Gibberellin
D) Abscisic acid

Correct Answer: B) Auxin

Explanation:

• A) Cytokinin → Cell division.
• ✅ B) Auxin → Stimulates cell elongation, phototropism.
• C) Gibberellin → Stem elongation, seed germination.
• D) Abscisic acid → Inhibits growth, induces dormancy.

Q8. Movement of a plant part in response to light is called:

A) Geotropism
B) Phototropism
C) Hydrotropism
D) Thigmotropism

Correct Answer: B) Phototropism

Explanation:

• A) Geotropism → Response to gravity.
• ✅ B) Phototropism → Bending towards light.
• C) Hydrotropism → Response to water.
• D) Thigmotropism → Response to touch.

Q9. Which of the following controls involuntary actions in humans?

A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Thalamus

Correct Answer: C) Medulla oblongata

Explanation:

• A) Cerebrum → Voluntary actions.
• B) Cerebellum → Balance.
• ✅ C) Medulla → Involuntary actions like heartbeat & breathing.
• D) Thalamus → Relay station, not direct control.

Q10. Tropic movements in plants are:

A) Random
B) Growth movements towards or away from stimuli
C) Quick temporary movements
D) Due to nervous system

Correct Answer: B) Growth movements towards or away from stimuli

Explanation:

• A) Random → Not random, directional.
• ✅ B) Tropic movements → Growth-based, directional.
• C) Quick temporary → Nastic movements.
• D) Nervous system → Absent in plants.

Q11. Which plant hormone promotes seed germination?

A) Auxin
B) Cytokinin
C) Gibberellin
D) ABA

Correct Answer: C) Gibberellin

Explanation:

• A) Auxin → Cell elongation.
• B) Cytokinin → Cell division.
• ✅ C) Gibberellin → Breaks seed dormancy, promotes germination.
• D) ABA → Inhibits germination.

Q12. The movement of Mimosa pudica (Touch-me-not) is an example of:

A) Phototropism
B) Thigmotropism
C) Nastic movement
D) Hydrotropism

Correct Answer: C) Nastic movement

Explanation:

• A) Phototropism → Light response.
• B) Thigmotropism → Growth due to touch (like tendrils).
• ✅ C) Nastic movement → Non-directional response to touch in Mimosa.
• D) Hydrotropism → Response to water.

Q13. Which hormone regulates sugar level in blood?

A) Thyroxine
B) Insulin
C) Adrenaline
D) Testosterone

Correct Answer: B) Insulin

Explanation:

• A) Thyroxine → Controls metabolism.
• ✅ B) Insulin → Regulates glucose uptake, produced by pancreas.
• C) Adrenaline → Emergency hormone.
• D) Testosterone → Male sex hormone.

Q14. The largest part of the brain is:

A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Pons
D) Medulla

Correct Answer: A) Cerebrum

Explanation:

• ✅ A) Cerebrum → Largest part, controls intelligence and voluntary actions.
• B) Cerebellum → Small, for balance.
• C) Pons → Bridge of brainstem.
• D) Medulla → Controls involuntary actions.

Q15. Plant growth towards gravity is called:

A) Phototropism
B) Geotropism
C) Chemotropism
D) Hydrotropism

Correct Answer: B) Geotropism

Explanation:

• A) Phototropism → Light response.
• ✅ B) Geotropism → Roots grow towards gravity.
• C) Chemotropism → Pollen tube growth.
• D) Hydrotropism → Response to water.

Q16. The master gland in humans is:

A) Thyroid
B) Pancreas
C) Pituitary
D) Adrenal

Correct Answer: C) Pituitary

Explanation:

• A) Thyroid → Regulates metabolism, but not master.
• B) Pancreas → Controls sugar, not master.
• ✅ C) Pituitary → Controls other glands, called master gland.
• D) Adrenal → Emergency hormone only.

Q17. Which part of the neuron carries messages away from the cell body?

A) Dendrite
B) Axon
C) Synapse
D) Nucleus

Correct Answer: B) Axon

Explanation:

• A) Dendrite → Receives impulses.
• ✅ B) Axon → Carries impulses away.
• C) Synapse → Gap for transmission.
• D) Nucleus → Controls cell.

Q18. The main function of the cerebellum is:

A) Thinking
B) Memory
C) Balance and coordination
D) Respiration

Correct Answer: C) Balance and coordination

Explanation:

• A) Thinking → Cerebrum.
• B) Memory → Cerebrum.
• ✅ C) Cerebellum → Balance, posture, coordination.
• D) Respiration → Medulla.

Q19. Which plant hormone causes wilting of leaves?

A) Auxin
B) Gibberellin
C) Cytokinin
D) Abscisic acid

Correct Answer: D) Abscisic acid

Explanation:

• A) Auxin → Growth.
• B) Gibberellin → Germination.
• C) Cytokinin → Cell division.
• ✅ D) ABA → Stress hormone, causes wilting & stomatal closure.

Q20. Reflex action is:

A) Voluntary
B) Slow
C) Involuntary and quick
D) Controlled by brain

Correct Answer: C) Involuntary and quick

Explanation:

• A) Voluntary → Requires thinking.
• B) Slow → Reflexes are quick.
• ✅ C) Reflex → Quick, involuntary response via spinal cord.
• D) Brain → Not involved in reflex arc.

Q21. Which gland secretes thyroxine?

A) Pituitary
B) Thyroid
C) Adrenal
D) Pancreas

Correct Answer: B) Thyroid

Explanation:

• A) Pituitary → Master gland, not thyroxine.
• ✅ B) Thyroid → Produces thyroxine, regulates metabolism.
• C) Adrenal → Adrenaline.
• D) Pancreas → Insulin.

Q22. The main function of adrenaline is:

A) Growth of body
B) Regulation of sugar level
C) Preparation for emergency
D) Control of reproduction

Correct Answer: C) Preparation for emergency

Explanation:

• A) Growth → Growth hormone.
• B) Sugar → Insulin.
• ✅ C) Adrenaline → Increases heartbeat, breathing, emergency response.
• D) Reproduction → Sex hormones.

Q23. The lens of our eye becomes thin and focal length increases when we look at:

A) Near objects
B) Distant objects
C) Bright light
D) Dark objects

Correct Answer: B) Distant objects

Explanation:

• A) Near objects → Lens becomes thick.
• ✅ B) Distant objects → Lens thin, focal length increases.
• C, D → Not related to lens changes.

Q24. Which part of the brain controls hunger and thirst?

A) Cerebrum
B) Hypothalamus
C) Cerebellum
D) Medulla

Correct Answer: B) Hypothalamus

Explanation:

• A) Cerebrum → Voluntary actions.
• ✅ B) Hypothalamus → Regulates hunger, thirst, body temperature.
• C) Cerebellum → Balance.
• D) Medulla → Involuntary actions.

Q25. Which hormone is called the “fight or flight” hormone?

A) Thyroxine
B) Insulin
C) Adrenaline
D) Cytokinin

Correct Answer: C) Adrenaline

Explanation:

• A) Thyroxine → Metabolism.
• B) Insulin → Blood sugar.
• ✅ C) Adrenaline → Prepares body for emergency, fight or flight.
• D) Cytokinin → Cell division.

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