Chapter 3: Human Reproduction – Case-Based / Source-Based Questions with Answers
CBSE Class 12 Biology Case-Based Questions on Human Reproduction (NCERT Based)
Course: CBSE Class 12 Biology
Unit I: Reproduction
Chapter 3: Human Reproduction
Board: Central Board of Secondary Education
Textbook: NCERT
Question Type: Case-Based / Source-Based Questions
Exam Relevance: CBSE Class 12 Board Examinations
Section A: Male Reproductive System
Case 1
A medical student studies a transverse section of the testis and observes numerous coiled tubules lined by germinal epithelium and Sertoli cells.
Questions:
a) Identify the tubules observed.
b) Name the process occurring in these tubules.
Answer:
a) Seminiferous tubules
b) Spermatogenesis
Case 2
A man suffers from reduced sperm motility due to lack of nutritive secretions.
Questions:
a) Name the glands responsible for sperm nourishment.
b) State one secretion of these glands.
Answer:
a) Seminal vesicles
b) Fructose
Case 3
During puberty, a boy develops a deep voice and facial hair due to hormonal changes.
Questions:
a) Name the hormone responsible.
b) Name the cells that secrete it.
Answer:
a) Testosterone
b) Leydig (interstitial) cells
Section B: Female Reproductive System
Case 4
An ovum released from the ovary is captured by finger-like projections of the oviduct.
Questions:
a) Name these projections.
b) Name the part of oviduct where fertilisation usually occurs.
Answer:
a) Fimbriae
b) Ampulla
Case 5
A woman shows improper implantation due to defective uterine lining.
Questions:
a) Name the uterine layer involved in implantation.
b) Which hormone prepares it?
Answer:
a) Endometrium
b) Progesterone
Case 6
Ovaries release hormones influencing secondary sexual characters.
Questions:
a) Name the hormone.
b) Mention one secondary sexual character.
Answer:
a) Estrogen
b) Breast development
Section C: Gametogenesis
Case 7
A primary spermatocyte undergoes two successive divisions.
Questions:
a) Name the two divisions.
b) How many sperms are formed finally?
Answer:
a) Meiosis I and Meiosis II
b) Four sperms
Case 8
A primary oocyte remains arrested for several years.
Questions:
a) At which stage is it arrested?
b) When does it resume division?
Answer:
a) Prophase I
b) At puberty (during ovulation)
Case 9
Only one ovum is formed during oogenesis.
Questions:
a) Name the additional cells formed.
b) State their fate.
Answer:
a) Polar bodies
b) They degenerate
Section D: Menstrual Cycle
Case 10
A girl experiences shedding of uterine lining every month.
Questions:
a) Name this phase.
b) State one hormonal cause.
Answer:
a) Menstrual phase
b) Decrease in progesterone
Case 11
A sudden LH surge occurs on the 14th day of the cycle.
Questions:
a) What event follows this surge?
b) Name the released structure.
Answer:
a) Ovulation
b) Secondary oocyte
Case 12
The corpus luteum degenerates if fertilisation does not occur.
Questions:
a) Name the hormone secreted by corpus luteum.
b) State one effect of its absence.
Answer:
a) Progesterone
b) Menstruation
Section E: Fertilisation and Implantation
Case 13
Sperms undergo physiological changes in the female tract.
Questions:
a) Name this process.
b) Why is it necessary?
Answer:
a) Capacitation
b) To enable fertilisation
Case 14
A sperm penetrates the ovum using enzymes.
Questions:
a) Name the sperm structure involved.
b) Name one enzyme released.
Answer:
a) Acrosome
b) Hyaluronidase
Case 15
A blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall.
Questions:
a) Name this process.
b) Which cells assist attachment?
Answer:
a) Implantation
b) Trophoblast cells
Section F: Pregnancy and Embryonic Development
Case 16
The placenta connects mother and fetus without mixing blood.
Questions:
a) Name the placental tissue of fetal origin.
b) Mention one function of placenta.
Answer:
a) Chorionic villi
b) Nutrient exchange
Case 17
A pregnancy test detects a hormone in urine.
Questions:
a) Name the hormone.
b) Source of secretion.
Answer:
a) hCG
b) Trophoblast
Case 18
Three germ layers form during early development.
Questions:
a) Name the process.
b) Name one organ formed from mesoderm.
Answer:
a) Gastrulation
b) Heart
Section G: Parturition and Lactation
Case 19
Uterine contractions increase during childbirth.
Questions:
a) Name the hormone responsible.
b) State the feedback mechanism involved.
Answer:
a) Oxytocin
b) Positive feedback
Case 20
First milk secreted after delivery is yellowish.
Questions:
a) Name this milk.
b) State one advantage.
Answer:
a) Colostrum
b) Provides antibodies
Case 21
Milk ejection occurs when the baby suckles.
Questions:
a) Name the hormone involved.
b) Site of hormone release.
Answer:
a) Oxytocin
b) Posterior pituitary
Section H: Infertility and Reproductive Health
Case 22
A couple fails to conceive despite normal intercourse.
Questions:
a) Define infertility.
b) Mention one male cause.
Answer:
a) Inability to conceive after one year
b) Low sperm count
Case 23
An ovum is fertilised outside the body.
Questions:
a) Name this technique.
b) Where is the embryo transferred?
Answer:
a) IVF
b) Uterus
Case 24
Barrier methods are advised for contraception.
Questions:
a) Name one barrier method.
b) State one additional benefit.
Answer:
a) Condom
b) Protection from STIs
Case 25
Awareness programs are conducted for adolescents.
Questions:
a) Name the concept promoted.
b) State one objective.
Answer:
a) Reproductive health
b) Prevention of STIs
✅ Why This Set is Board-Perfect
✔ 100% NCERT terminology
✔ Matches CBSE case-based pattern
✔ Section-wise syllabus coverage
✔ Ideal for Class 12 board revision