Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom – MCQs with Answers & Explanations

CBSE Class 11 Biology MCQs with Answers & Explanations – Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom (NCERT Based)

Course Details

Course: CBSE Class 11 Biology
Syllabus: NCERT
Unit: Unit I – Diversity in Living World
Chapter: Chapter 3 – Plant Kingdom
CBSE Board Examination: Central Board of Secondary Education – Class 11 (School & Annual Examinations)

CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Plant Kingdom – 50 MCQs with Answers & Explanations (NCERT)

Section A: Algae (MCQs 1–15)

1. The plant body of algae is called:
   A. Sporophyte
   B. Thallus
   C. Cormus
   D. Mycelium
   Correct Answer: B
   Explanation: Algae have a thalloid body without differentiation into root, stem, and leaves.
2. Which pigment is common to all algae?
   A. Chlorophyll b
   B. Chlorophyll c
   C. Chlorophyll a
   D. Phycoerythrin
   Correct Answer: C
   Explanation: Chlorophyll a is the universal photosynthetic pigment in algae.
3. Food is stored as starch in:
   A. Phaeophyceae
   B. Rhodophyceae
   C. Chlorophyceae
   D. All algae
   Correct Answer: C
   Explanation: Green algae store food as starch.
4. Brown colour of brown algae is due to:
   A. Chlorophyll a
   B. Fucoxanthin
   C. Phycocyanin
   D. Carotene
   Correct Answer: B
   Explanation: Fucoxanthin masks chlorophyll and gives brown colour.
5. Which algae store food as laminarin and mannitol?
   A. Green algae
   B. Red algae
   C. Brown algae
   D. Blue-green algae
   Correct Answer: C
   Explanation: These food reserves are characteristic of brown algae.
6. Floridean starch is stored by:
   A. Green algae
   B. Brown algae
   C. Red algae
   D. Cyanobacteria
   Correct Answer: C
   Explanation: Red algae store food as floridean starch.
7. Mostly marine algae belong to:
   A. Chlorophyceae
   B. Phaeophyceae
   C. Cyanophyceae
   D. Euglenoids
   Correct Answer: B
   Explanation: Brown algae are predominantly marine.
8. Vegetative reproduction in algae occurs by:
   A. Budding
   B. Fragmentation
   C. Spore formation
   D. Seeds
   Correct Answer: B
   Explanation: Fragmentation of thallus is common in algae.
9. Isogamous reproduction occurs in:
   A. Spirogyra
   B. Volvox
   C. Fucus
   D. Chara
   Correct Answer: A
   Explanation: Spirogyra shows fusion of morphologically similar gametes.
10. Oogamous reproduction is found in:
    A. Ulothrix
    B. Spirogyra
    C. Volvox
    D. Chlamydomonas
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Volvox shows oogamy with distinct male and female gametes.
11. Agar is obtained from:
    A. Brown algae
    B. Green algae
    C. Red algae
    D. Cyanobacteria
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Agar is extracted from red algae like Gelidium.
12. Which alga is rich in protein and used as food supplement?
    A. Laminaria
    B. Chlorella
    C. Spirulina
    D. Ulothrix
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Spirulina is protein-rich and edible.
13. Algae are ecologically important because they:
    A. Are decomposers
    B. Are parasites
    C. Are primary producers
    D. Fix nitrogen only
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Algae form the base of aquatic food chains.
14. Life cycle commonly seen in algae is:
    A. Diplontic
    B. Haplontic
    C. Haplodiplontic
    D. Sporontic
    Correct Answer: B
    Explanation: Most algae show haplontic life cycle.
15. Cell wall of algae is mainly made of:
    A. Chitin
    B. Cellulose
    C. Peptidoglycan
    D. Lignin
    Correct Answer: B
    Explanation: Algal cell wall contains cellulose.

Section B: Bryophytes (MCQs 16–25)

16. Bryophytes are called amphibians of plant kingdom because they:
    A. Live in water
    B. Live on land only
    C. Require water for fertilisation
    D. Have vascular tissues
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Water is essential for sexual reproduction in bryophytes.
17. Dominant phase in bryophytes is:
    A. Sporophyte
    B. Gametophyte
    C. Zygote
    D. Spore
    Correct Answer: B
    Explanation: Gametophyte is independent and dominant.
18. Rhizoids in bryophytes help in:
    A. Photosynthesis
    B. Reproduction
    C. Anchorage
    D. Conduction
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Rhizoids anchor the plant body.
19. Marchantia belongs to:
    A. Mosses
    B. Liverworts
    C. Hornworts
    D. Ferns
    Correct Answer: B
    Explanation: Marchantia is a liverwort.
20. Funaria is an example of:
    A. Liverwort
    B. Alga
    C. Moss
    D. Fern
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Funaria is a moss.
21. Bryophytes lack:
    A. Chlorophyll
    B. Rhizoids
    C. Vascular tissues
    D. Sex organs
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: They do not have xylem and phloem.
22. Sporophyte of bryophytes is:
    A. Independent
    B. Partially dependent
    C. Completely dependent on gametophyte
    D. Saprophytic
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Sporophyte depends on gametophyte for nutrition.
23. Bryophytes help in soil conservation by:
    A. Nitrogen fixation
    B. Preventing soil erosion
    C. Forming humus
    D. Producing seeds
    Correct Answer: B
    Explanation: They bind soil and reduce erosion.
24. Life cycle in bryophytes is:
    A. Haplontic
    B. Diplontic
    C. Haplodiplontic
    D. Sporontic
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Both gametophyte and sporophyte phases exist.
25. Peat is formed from:
    A. Algae
    B. Ferns
    C. Sphagnum
    D. Cycas
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Sphagnum moss forms peat.

Section C: Pteridophytes (MCQs 26–35)

26. First vascular plants are:
    A. Bryophytes
    B. Algae
    C. Pteridophytes
    D. Gymnosperms
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Pteridophytes possess vascular tissues.
27. Dominant generation in pteridophytes is:
    A. Gametophyte
    B. Sporophyte
    C. Spore
    D. Zygote
    Correct Answer: B
    Explanation: Sporophyte is dominant and independent.
28. Pteridophytes reproduce by:
    A. Seeds
    B. Spores
    C. Flowers
    D. Budding
    Correct Answer: B
    Explanation: Spores are the reproductive units.
29. Selaginella shows:
    A. Homospory
    B. Heterospory
    C. Apomixis
    D. Vegetative reproduction
    Correct Answer: B
    Explanation: Selaginella produces microspores and megaspores.
30. Sporangia are borne on:
    A. Roots
    B. Stems
    C. Sporophylls
    D. Rhizoids
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Sporophylls bear sporangia.
31. Which is a pteridophyte?
    A. Cycas
    B. Pinus
    C. Equisetum
    D. Chlamydomonas
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Equisetum is a horsetail pteridophyte.
32. Pteridophytes require water for:
    A. Pollination
    B. Fertilisation
    C. Seed formation
    D. Spore dispersal
    Correct Answer: B
    Explanation: Water is required for motile male gametes.
33. Economic importance of pteridophytes includes:
    A. Agar production
    B. Coal formation
    C. Timber
    D. Resin
    Correct Answer: B
    Explanation: Ancient pteridophytes formed coal deposits.
34. Prothallus represents:
    A. Sporophyte
    B. Gametophyte
    C. Zygote
    D. Sporangium
    Correct Answer: B
    Explanation: Prothallus is the gametophyte of ferns.
35. Life cycle in pteridophytes is:
    A. Haplontic
    B. Diplontic
    C. Haplodiplontic
    D. Sporontic
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Both phases are multicellular.

Section D: Gymnosperms & Angiosperms (MCQs 36–50)

36. Gymnosperms have:
    A. Enclosed seeds
    B. Naked seeds
    C. Flowers
    D. Fruits
    Correct Answer: B
    Explanation: Seeds are not enclosed within fruits.
37. Which is a gymnosperm?
    A. Mango
    B. Wheat
    C. Pinus
    D. Mustard
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Pinus is a gymnosperm.
38. Pollination in gymnosperms occurs by:
    A. Insects
    B. Water
    C. Wind
    D. Birds
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Gymnosperms are wind-pollinated.
39. Angiosperms are characterised by:
    A. Naked seeds
    B. Cones
    C. Flowers and fruits
    D. Spores
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Flowers and fruits are unique to angiosperms.
40. Double fertilisation occurs in:
    A. Gymnosperms
    B. Bryophytes
    C. Pteridophytes
    D. Angiosperms
    Correct Answer: D
    Explanation: Double fertilisation is unique to angiosperms.
41. Monocots have:
    A. Two cotyledons
    B. Parallel venation
    C. Tap root system
    D. Secondary growth
    Correct Answer: B
    Explanation: Parallel venation is a monocot feature.
42. Dicots show:
    A. One cotyledon
    B. Fibrous roots
    C. Reticulate venation
    D. No vascular tissue
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Reticulate venation is typical of dicots.
43. Angiosperms are considered most advanced because they:
    A. Are aquatic
    B. Lack vascular tissue
    C. Have flowers and fruits
    D. Reproduce by spores
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Advanced reproductive structures ensure success.
44. Dominant phase in angiosperms is:
    A. Gametophyte
    B. Sporophyte
    C. Zygote
    D. Endosperm
    Correct Answer: B
    Explanation: Sporophyte is dominant.
45. Life cycle in angiosperms is:
    A. Haplontic
    B. Diplontic
    C. Haplodiplontic
    D. Sporontic
    Correct Answer: B
    Explanation: Sporophyte is dominant.
46. Which group shows maximum reduction of gametophyte?
    A. Bryophytes
    B. Pteridophytes
    C. Gymnosperms
    D. Angiosperms
    Correct Answer: D
    Explanation: Gametophyte is highly reduced in angiosperms.
47. Seeds in angiosperms are enclosed within:
    A. Ovules
    B. Cones
    C. Fruits
    D. Sporangia
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Fruit encloses the seed.
48. Evolutionary advancement in plants is marked by:
    A. Loss of chlorophyll
    B. Development of vascular tissue
    C. Reduction of size
    D. Loss of alternation of generations
    Correct Answer: B
    Explanation: Vascular tissues enable terrestrial adaptation.
49. Which plant group is completely independent of water for fertilisation?
    A. Bryophytes
    B. Pteridophytes
    C. Gymnosperms
    D. Algae
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Gymnosperms use pollen tubes, not water.
50. Alternation of generations is best defined as:
    A. Only sporophyte phase
    B. Only gametophyte phase
    C. Regular alternation of haploid and diploid phases
    D. Asexual reproduction
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation: Plant life cycle alternates between haploid and diploid generations.

Exam Relevance

✔ Strictly NCERT-aligned
✔ Ideal for CBSE Class 11 MCQ-based assessments
✔ Covers algae to angiosperms comprehensively
✔ Concept-clearing explanations included