CBSE Class 11 Biology MCQs – Morphology of Flowering Plants (Chapter 5)

Unit II: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants
Based on NCERT | CBSE Board Examination (Class XI)

📘 Course Overview

• Course: CBSE Class 11 Biology
• Unit: Unit II – Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants
• Chapter: Chapter 5 – Morphology of Flowering Plants
• Assessment Focus:
  • Diagrams
  • Botanical terminology
  • Identification & classification
• Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers & Explanations
• Total Questions: 50 MCQs
• Exam Relevance: CBSE Class 11 Annual Examination & School Tests

🌱 Section A: Root (MCQs 1–8)

Q1. The root that develops from the radicle of the seed is called
A. Adventitious root
B. Fibrous root
C. Tap root
D. Prop root

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The radicle gives rise to the tap root system, typical of dicotyledonous plants.

Q2. Which of the following plants shows a fibrous root system?
A. Mustard
B. Pea
C. Wheat
D. Gram

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Wheat, a monocot, possesses a fibrous root system instead of a tap root.

Q3. Pneumatophores are associated with
A. Aquatic plants
B. Desert plants
C. Mangrove plants
D. Epiphytes

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Pneumatophores are specialized respiratory roots found in mangroves for gaseous exchange.

Q4. The region of the root responsible for absorption of water is
A. Root cap
B. Meristematic zone
C. Elongation zone
D. Maturation zone

Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The maturation zone bears root hairs, increasing surface area for absorption.

Q5. Nodulated roots are commonly found in
A. Monocots
B. Leguminous plants
C. Gymnosperms
D. Bryophytes

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Leguminous plants form root nodules housing Rhizobium for nitrogen fixation.

Q6. Which modification of root provides mechanical support?
A. Pneumatophores
B. Storage roots
C. Prop roots
D. Haustorial roots

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Prop roots, seen in banyan, support heavy branches.

Q7. Storage roots are mainly meant for
A. Respiration
B. Support
C. Photosynthesis
D. Storage of food

Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Storage roots accumulate reserve food materials.

Q8. The root cap primarily functions in
A. Absorption
B. Protection
C. Conduction
D. Photosynthesis

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The root cap protects the delicate root apex as it grows through soil.

🌿 Section B: Stem (MCQs 9–16)

Q9. The main function of the stem is
A. Absorption
B. Anchorage
C. Conduction
D. Reproduction

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The stem conducts water, minerals, and food between roots and leaves.

Q10. Underground stem modification for food storage is seen in
A. Carrot
B. Potato
C. Sweet potato
D. Radish

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Potato is a stem tuber with nodes and internodes.

Q11. Which structure helps in climbing?
A. Tendrils
B. Thorns
C. Spines
D. Phyllodes

Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Stem tendrils help plants climb and obtain support.

Q12. A thorn is a modification of
A. Leaf
B. Root
C. Stem
D. Flower

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Thorns are modified stems providing protection.

Q13. Which of the following is a sub-aerial stem?
A. Rhizome
B. Tuber
C. Runner
D. Bulb

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Runners grow partly above ground and aid in vegetative propagation.

Q14. Cladodes are associated with
A. Storage
B. Photosynthesis
C. Reproduction
D. Protection

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Cladodes are flattened stems that perform photosynthesis.

Q15. Ginger is an example of
A. Tuber
B. Corm
C. Rhizome
D. Bulb

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Ginger is a rhizome, a horizontally growing underground stem.

Q16. Which stem modification stores water?
A. Bulb
B. Cladode
C. Tuber
D. Tendril

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Cladodes store water and help plants survive arid conditions.

🍃 Section C: Leaf (MCQs 17–24)

Q17. The arrangement of leaves on a stem is called
A. Venation
B. Phyllotaxy
C. Lamina
D. Stipule

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Phyllotaxy prevents overlapping and ensures maximum photosynthesis.

Q18. Parallel venation is characteristic of
A. Dicots
B. Gymnosperms
C. Monocots
D. Bryophytes

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Monocots show parallel venation.

Q19. The main function of leaf is
A. Respiration
B. Transpiration
C. Photosynthesis
D. Storage

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Leaves are the primary organs of photosynthesis.

Q20. A leaf without petiole is called
A. Simple
B. Sessile
C. Compound
D. Reduced

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Sessile leaves lack a petiole.

Q21. Which leaf modification is seen in pea plant?
A. Spine
B. Phyllode
C. Tendril
D. Scale leaf

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Pea leaves are modified into tendrils for climbing.

Q22. Reticulate venation is found in
A. Wheat
B. Maize
C. Banana
D. Hibiscus

Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Dicots like Hibiscus show reticulate venation.

Q23. Compound leaves differ from simple leaves in having
A. More chlorophyll
B. Multiple axillary buds
C. Leaflets
D. Larger size

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Compound leaves are divided into leaflets.

Q24. Stipules are found at the base of
A. Lamina
B. Veins
C. Petiole
D. Midrib

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Stipules are appendages present at the base of the petiole.

🌼 Section D: Inflorescence & Flower (MCQs 25–36)

Q25. Arrangement of flowers on the floral axis is called
A. Phyllotaxy
B. Inflorescence
C. Venation
D. Aestivation

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Inflorescence refers to the flower arrangement on the axis.

Q26. Racemose inflorescence shows
A. Definite growth
B. Indefinite growth
C. No axis
D. Underground axis

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: In racemose inflorescence, the main axis continues to grow.

Q27. Flower having both androecium and gynoecium is
A. Unisexual
B. Neuter
C. Bisexual
D. Sterile

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Bisexual flowers contain both reproductive whorls.

Q28. Which is NOT a floral whorl?
A. Calyx
B. Corolla
C. Thalamus
D. Androecium

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Thalamus supports floral whorls but is not itself a whorl.

Q29. Epipetalous condition refers to
A. Stamens attached to petals
B. Petals attached to sepals
C. Ovary attached to thalamus
D. Carpels free

Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Epipetalous stamens are attached to petals.

Q30. Actinomorphic flowers can be cut into equal halves by
A. One plane
B. Two planes
C. Any vertical plane
D. No plane

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Actinomorphic flowers show radial symmetry.

Q31. Which flower part develops into fruit?
A. Ovule
B. Ovary
C. Thalamus
D. Style

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The ovary matures into the fruit after fertilization.

Q32. Placentation seen in mustard is
A. Axile
B. Marginal
C. Parietal
D. Free central

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Mustard shows parietal placentation.

Q33. A flower without stalk is
A. Pedicellate
B. Sessile
C. Bracteate
D. Cyathium

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Sessile flowers lack a pedicel.

Q34. The collective term for sepals is
A. Corolla
B. Androecium
C. Calyx
D. Perianth

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Calyx forms the outermost floral whorl.

Q35. Hypogynous flowers have
A. Superior ovary
B. Inferior ovary
C. Half-inferior ovary
D. No ovary

Correct Answer: A
Explanation: In hypogynous flowers, ovary is superior.

Q36. Aestivation refers to
A. Flower arrangement
B. Leaf arrangement
C. Arrangement of sepals and petals in bud
D. Pollination

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Aestivation describes how floral parts are arranged in the bud.

🍎 Section E: Fruit, Seed & Floral Formula (MCQs 37–50)

Q37. A fruit formed without fertilization is called
A. Aggregate fruit
B. Multiple fruit
C. Parthenocarpic fruit
D. True fruit

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Parthenocarpy results in seedless fruits.

Q38. Coconut is an example of
A. Berry
B. Drupe
C. Capsule
D. Nut

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Coconut is a drupe with fibrous mesocarp.

Q39. The edible part of mango is
A. Epicarp
B. Mesocarp
C. Endocarp
D. Seed coat

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Mango’s fleshy mesocarp is edible.

Q40. Seed coat consists of
A. Cotyledons
B. Radicle
C. Testa and tegmen
D. Endosperm

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Seed coat has two layers – testa and tegmen.

Q41. Which seed is non-endospermic?
A. Wheat
B. Maize
C. Castor
D. Pea

Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Pea stores food in cotyledons, not endosperm.

Q42. Hilum represents
A. Micropyle
B. Point of attachment
C. Seed coat
D. Embryo

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Hilum marks the point where seed was attached to fruit.

Q43. Floral formula is used to represent
A. Genetic makeup
B. Flower structure
C. Seed type
D. Fruit classification

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Floral formula is a symbolic representation of flower parts.

Q44. Which symbol denotes actinomorphic flower in floral formula?
A. ⊕
B. %
C. ⚥
D. ♂

Correct Answer: A
Explanation: ⊕ represents radial symmetry.

Q45. Which structure gives rise to seed after fertilization?
A. Ovary
B. Ovule
C. Style
D. Thalamus

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Ovule develops into seed.

Q46. Multiple fruits develop from
A. Single ovary
B. Multiple ovaries of same flower
C. Inflorescence
D. Thalamus

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Multiple fruits arise from an entire inflorescence.

Q47. The micropyle helps in
A. Water absorption
B. Photosynthesis
C. Respiration
D. Germination

Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Micropyle allows water entry during germination.

Q48. Which is NOT a part of embryo?
A. Radicle
B. Plumule
C. Endosperm
D. Cotyledon

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Endosperm is nutritive tissue, not part of embryo.

Q49. A true fruit develops from
A. Thalamus
B. Ovary only
C. Inflorescence
D. Perianth

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: True fruits originate solely from the ovary.

Q50. Which diagram-based question is most common from this chapter?
A. Cell cycle
B. Flower L.S. with labels
C. DNA replication
D. Nephron

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: L.S. of flower with labels is a high-frequency CBSE diagram question.

✅ Final Note

✔ Fully aligned with NCERT Biology Class 11
✔ Ideal for CBSE Board Exams, unit tests, and revisions

🎯 Targeting Exams Section

This MCQ-based study resource is specially designed to help students prepare for:

• CBSE Class 11 Annual Examination (Biology)

• School Unit Tests & Half-Yearly Exams

• NCERT-Based Practice & Revision

• Foundation Preparation for NEET (Botany basics)

• Competitive Exams with Class 11 Biology syllabus

The questions emphasize diagram-based understanding, botanical terminology, and identification, which are high-frequency areas in CBSE assessments.

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