Chapter 22: Chemical Coordination and Integration – Very Short Answer Type Questions
CBSE Class 11 Biology Very Short Answer Questions – Chemical Coordination and Integration (NCERT)
Course & Examination Details
- Course: CBSE Class 11 Biology
- Prescribed By: Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)
- Based On: NCERT Biology Textbook
- Unit: Unit V – Human Physiology
- Chapter: Chapter 22 – Chemical Coordination and Integration
- Question Type: Very Short Answer Questions (VSA)
- Answer Length: 20–30 words
- Exam Utility: CBSE Class 11 Annual Exam, Unit Tests, Periodic Assessments
Section A: Endocrine Glands (Q1–Q20)
Q1. What is chemical coordination?
Answer:
Chemical coordination is regulation of body functions by hormones secreted by endocrine glands and transported through blood to target organs.
Q2. What are endocrine glands?
Answer:
Endocrine glands are ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
Q3. Name the master gland of the endocrine system.
Answer:
The pituitary gland is called the master gland of the endocrine system.
Q4. Where is the pituitary gland located?
Answer:
The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain below the hypothalamus.
Q5. Which gland links nervous and endocrine systems?
Answer:
The hypothalamus links the nervous system with the endocrine system.
Q6. Name the hormone regulating circadian rhythm.
Answer:
Melatonin regulates circadian rhythm and sleep–wake cycle.
Q7. Which gland secretes melatonin?
Answer:
The pineal gland secretes melatonin.
Q8. Name the hormones secreted by thyroid gland.
Answer:
Thyroxine (T₄) and Triiodothyronine (T₃) are secreted by thyroid gland.
Q9. What is the role of iodine in humans?
Answer:
Iodine is essential for synthesis of thyroid hormones.
Q10. Which gland regulates calcium balance in body?
Answer:
Parathyroid glands regulate calcium and phosphate balance.
Q11. Name the hormone secreted by parathyroid gland.
Answer:
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by parathyroid gland.
Q12. Which gland is known as emergency gland?
Answer:
Adrenal gland is known as the emergency gland.
Q13. Name the hormone responsible for fight-or-flight response.
Answer:
Adrenaline is responsible for fight-or-flight response.
Q14. Which gland is heterocrine in nature?
Answer:
Pancreas is a heterocrine gland with endocrine and exocrine functions.
Q15. Name the endocrine part of pancreas.
Answer:
Islets of Langerhans form the endocrine part of pancreas.
Q16. Which gland secretes insulin?
Answer:
Pancreas secretes insulin through beta cells.
Q17. Name the male gonad and its hormone.
Answer:
Testes are male gonads and secrete testosterone.
Q18. Name the female gonad and its hormones.
Answer:
Ovaries are female gonads and secrete estrogen and progesterone.
Q19. Which hormone stimulates milk production?
Answer:
Prolactin stimulates milk production in mammary glands.
Q20. Which hormone causes milk ejection?
Answer:
Oxytocin causes milk ejection from mammary glands.
Section B: Hormones & Their Action (Q21–Q35)
Q21. What are hormones?
Answer:
Hormones are non-nutrient chemical messengers secreted in small quantities that regulate physiological activities.
Q22. How are hormones transported in the body?
Answer:
Hormones are transported through blood to their target organs.
Q23. Name any one peptide hormone.
Answer:
Insulin is an example of peptide hormone.
Q24. Name any one steroid hormone.
Answer:
Testosterone is an example of steroid hormone.
Q25. Name any one amino acid-derived hormone.
Answer:
Adrenaline is an amino acid-derived hormone.
Q26. What is target organ?
Answer:
Target organ is the specific tissue on which a hormone acts.
Q27. What is hormone specificity?
Answer:
Hormone specificity refers to action of hormone only on cells having specific receptors.
Q28. Which hormones are lipid-soluble?
Answer:
Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble hormones.
Q29. Which hormones act through second messenger?
Answer:
Water-soluble hormones act through second messengers like cAMP.
Q30. What is basal metabolic rate?
Answer:
Basal metabolic rate is the minimum rate of energy expenditure at rest.
Q31. Which hormone regulates BMR?
Answer:
Thyroxine regulates basal metabolic rate.
Q32. Name the hormone regulating water balance.
Answer:
Vasopressin or ADH regulates water balance.
Q33. Which pituitary hormone controls growth?
Answer:
Growth hormone controls growth of bones and muscles.
Q34. What is feedback regulation?
Answer:
Feedback regulation is control of hormone secretion by its own level in blood.
Q35. Name one example of negative feedback.
Answer:
Thyroxine inhibits secretion of TSH through negative feedback.
Section C: Hormonal Disorders (Q36–Q50)
Q36. What is diabetes mellitus?
Answer:
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder caused by insulin deficiency leading to high blood glucose levels.
Q37. Name the hormone deficient in diabetes mellitus.
Answer:
Insulin is deficient in diabetes mellitus.
Q38. What is goitre?
Answer:
Goitre is enlargement of thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency.
Q39. Which hormone deficiency causes dwarfism?
Answer:
Growth hormone deficiency causes dwarfism.
Q40. Which hormone excess causes gigantism?
Answer:
Excess secretion of growth hormone causes gigantism.
Q41. What is acromegaly?
Answer:
Acromegaly is excessive growth of bones in adults due to growth hormone excess.
Q42. What is diabetes insipidus?
Answer:
Diabetes insipidus is caused by deficiency of ADH leading to excessive urination.
Q43. Name the disorder due to cortisol excess.
Answer:
Cushing’s syndrome occurs due to excess cortisol.
Q44. Name the disorder due to adrenal hormone deficiency.
Answer:
Addison’s disease occurs due to adrenal hormone deficiency.
Q45. What is tetany?
Answer:
Tetany is muscle spasm due to low calcium level caused by PTH deficiency.
Q46. Which disorder results from hypothyroidism in adults?
Answer:
Myxedema results from hypothyroidism in adults.
Q47. Which disorder results from hypothyroidism in children?
Answer:
Cretinism results from hypothyroidism in children.
Q48. Name the hormone regulating male secondary sexual characters.
Answer:
Testosterone regulates male secondary sexual characters.
Q49. Name the hormone regulating menstrual cycle.
Answer:
Estrogen and progesterone regulate menstrual cycle.
Q50. Why is endocrine coordination slow but long-lasting?
Answer:
Because hormones travel through blood and have prolonged effects on target tissues.
NCERT & CBSE Compliance Note
✔ Strictly based on NCERT Class 11 Biology
✔ Answer length maintained at 20–30 words
✔ Framework-aligned and exam-oriented
✔ Ideal for CBSE Class 11 board examinations