CBSE Class 11 Biology Case-Based Questions – Morphology of Flowering Plants (Chapter 5) | NCERT-Based

Course & Examination Details

Course: CBSE Class 11 Biology
Unit: Unit II – Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants
Chapter: Chapter 5 – Morphology of Flowering Plants
Prescribed By: CBSE Board (As per NCERT Syllabus)
Question Type: Case-Based / Source-Based Questions

Section I: Root (Case-Based Questions 1–6)

Case 1

A student observes a carrot plant uprooted from the soil. The underground part is thick, fleshy, and tapers gradually.

Q1. Identify the type of root modification.
Answer: It is a conical storage tap root.

Q2. State the function of this modification.
Answer: It stores reserve food materials to support plant growth.

Case 2

Mangrove plants grow in marshy areas with waterlogged soil lacking oxygen. Special roots emerge vertically above the soil surface.

Q3. Name these specialized roots.
Answer: Pneumatophores.

Q4. How do these roots help the plant?
Answer: They facilitate gaseous exchange through lenticels for respiration.

Case 3

A banyan tree has numerous roots hanging from its branches and penetrating the soil.

Q5. What are these roots called?
Answer: Prop roots.

Q6. Why are prop roots important for the plant?
Answer: They provide additional mechanical support to heavy branches.

Section II: Stem (Case-Based Questions 7–12)

Case 4

A potato kept in a dark room develops small outgrowths called eyes, which later form shoots.

Q7. Identify the nature of potato.
Answer: Potato is a stem tuber.

Q8. What do the eyes represent?
Answer: Eyes represent nodes with axillary buds.

Case 5

In ginger, the stem grows horizontally below the soil surface and shows nodes, internodes, and scale leaves.

Q9. Name this type of stem modification.
Answer: Rhizome.

Q10. Mention one function of this modification.
Answer: Storage of food and vegetative propagation.

Case 6

A cactus plant shows a green, flattened stem while leaves are reduced to spines.

Q11. Identify this stem modification.
Answer: Phylloclade.

Q12. State its adaptive significance.
Answer: It performs photosynthesis and reduces water loss.

Section III: Leaf (Case-Based Questions 13–18)

Case 7

A leaf shows veins forming a network pattern, and the plant bears tap roots.

Q13. Identify the type of venation.
Answer: Reticulate venation.

Q14. To which plant group does it belong?
Answer: Dicotyledonous plants.

Case 8

In pea plants, the terminal leaflets are modified into slender, coiled structures.

Q15. What is this leaf modification called?
Answer: Leaf tendrils.

Q16. What is their function?
Answer: They help the plant climb and gain support.

Case 9

A student observes that sunflower has one leaf per node arranged alternately.

Q17. Name the type of phyllotaxy.
Answer: Alternate phyllotaxy.

Q18. State one advantage of this arrangement.
Answer: It reduces shading and improves photosynthesis.

Section IV: Inflorescence (Case-Based Questions 19–22)

Case 10

In mustard plants, the main floral axis continues to grow and bears flowers in an upward sequence.

Q19. Identify the type of inflorescence.
Answer: Racemose inflorescence.

Q20. What is the flowering order in this type?
Answer: Acropetal succession.

Case 11

In jasmine, the terminal flower blooms first, followed by lateral flowers.

Q21. Name the inflorescence type.
Answer: Cymose inflorescence.

Q22. What is the nature of the main axis?
Answer: The main axis is determinate.

Section V: Flower, Fruit, Seed & Floral Formula (Case-Based Questions 23–25)

Case 12

A flower has sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels arranged below the ovary.

Q23. Identify the type of flower based on ovary position.
Answer: Hypogynous flower.

Case 13

A pea seed lacks endosperm at maturity, and food is stored in cotyledons.

Q24. What type of seed is this?
Answer: Exalbuminous seed.

Case 14

A floral formula shows the symbols ⊕ ⚥ K₅ C₅ A₅ G̲₁.

Q25. What does this floral formula indicate?
Answer: It represents an actinomorphic, bisexual flower with superior ovary.

Why These Case-Based Questions Matter

• Follow CBSE competency-based assessment pattern
• Directly derived from NCERT concepts
• Strengthen application, reasoning, and identification skills
• Ideal for internal exams, practical-based theory, and board preparation