Introduction The universe is an expansive, mysterious entity that has intrigued humanity for centuries. Despite remarkable advances in astronomy and physics, much of the universe remains unexplored and enigmatic. Among the most profound mysteries are dark matter and dark energy,…

Introduction Climate change, driven by human activities such as deforestation, burning fossil fuels, and industrialization, is one of the most pressing global issues of our time. It poses a significant threat not only to human societies but also to the…