Lesson 6: Ahom Architecture – Rang Ghar, Talatal Ghar, Kareng Ghar
Ahom Architecture in Assam: Rang Ghar, Talatal Ghar and Kareng Ghar Explained
Module IV: Ahom Period in Assam History (1228 CE – 1826 CE)
Lesson 6: Ahom Architecture – Rang Ghar, Talatal Ghar, Kareng Ghar
This lesson is systematically organized into four clearly structured sections, as detailed below:
- Chronologically Structured Study Module
- Short-Answer Type Questions
- Long-Answer Type Questions
- Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers and Detailed Explanations
Chronologically Structured Study Module
1. Introduction and Lesson Objectives
The Ahom period (1228 CE – 1826 CE) marks a golden age in the architectural history of Assam. Among its most striking contributions are monumental royal structures that symbolized political authority, cultural refinement, and technological advancement. The architectural heritage of the Ahoms reached its peak during the 17th–18th centuries, particularly under powerful rulers like Rudra Singha and Rajeswar Singha.
This lesson focuses on three iconic monuments of Ahom architecture:
- Rang Ghar
- Talatal Ghar
- Kareng Ghar
Lesson Objectives
After completing this lesson, learners will be able to:
- Understand the evolution of Ahom architecture in a chronological framework.
- Analyze the architectural features and functions of major Ahom monuments.
- Examine the political, military, and cultural significance of Rang Ghar, Talatal Ghar, and Kareng Ghar.
- Evaluate Ahom architecture as a synthesis of indigenous, Mughal, and regional influences.
- Answer competitive-exam questions related to Ahom monuments with historical accuracy.
2. Background: Evolution of Ahom Architecture
Early Phase (13th–15th Century)
In the initial centuries after their arrival in Assam, the Ahoms constructed wooden and bamboo structures, reflecting their Tai origins and adaptation to the Brahmaputra valley’s environment. Architecture during this phase was simple, functional, and impermanent.
Transitional Phase (16th Century)
With increasing political stability and interaction with neighboring kingdoms, brick and stone construction began to appear. Temples, embankments, and royal buildings reflected experimentation with durable materials.
Mature Phase (17th–18th Century)
This phase represents the zenith of Ahom architecture, marked by:
- Use of baked bricks and lime mortar
- Massive multi-storied palaces
- Influence of Mughal arches and domes
- Integration of military, residential, and ceremonial functions
Rang Ghar, Talatal Ghar, and Kareng Ghar belong to this mature phase.
3. General Features of Ahom Architecture
Ahom architecture developed a distinct regional identity, characterized by:
- Brick and lime mortar construction
- Semi-circular arches and domed roofs
- Elevated plinths to protect from floods
- Minimal ornamentation, emphasizing strength and function
- Strategic integration of defensive features
These characteristics are clearly visible in the major monuments studied in this lesson.
4. Rang Ghar
4.1 Historical Background
Rang Ghar, often described as the earliest surviving amphitheatre in Asia, was constructed during the reign of Swargadeo Pramatta Singha (1744–1751 CE) and later improved under Rajeswar Singha. It is located at Sivasagar, the former Ahom capital.
4.2 Architectural Features
- Two-storied elongated structure
- Oval roof resembling an inverted boat
- Series of arched entrances on both floors
- Brick masonry with lime plaster
- Decorative motifs of animals and floral designs
The roof is supported by a unique system of arches, demonstrating advanced engineering knowledge.
4.3 Purpose and Function
Rang Ghar served as a royal pavilion from which Ahom kings and nobles watched:
- Buffalo fights
- Wrestling matches
- Cultural performances
- Festivals like Bihu
It symbolized royal leisure, power, and public authority.
4.4 Historical Significance
- First known amphitheatre of its kind in the region
- Reflection of Ahom royal culture and social life
- Important example of secular architecture in Assam
5. Talatal Ghar
5.1 Historical Background
Talatal Ghar was constructed mainly during the reign of Swargadeo Rudra Singha (1696–1714 CE) and expanded by Rajeswar Singha. It formed part of the larger Rangpur palace complex.
5.2 Architectural Design
Talatal Ghar is a seven-storied palace, of which:
- Three floors are underground
- Four floors are above ground
Key features include:
- Thick brick walls
- Secret tunnels connecting to the Dikhow River
- Hidden chambers and escape routes
- Massive staircases and corridors
5.3 Military and Strategic Importance
Talatal Ghar functioned as:
- Royal residence
- Military headquarters
- Defensive fortification
The underground tunnels were designed for emergency escape and troop movement during invasions.
5.4 Engineering Excellence
The use of lime mortar mixed with organic materials such as jaggery, black gram, and fish oil gave the structure remarkable durability.
6. Kareng Ghar
6.1 Historical Background
Kareng Ghar, located at Garhgaon, served as the earliest capital palace of the Ahoms. It was rebuilt in brick form by Swargadeo Rudra Singha in the late 17th century.
6.2 Architectural Structure
- Seven-storied palace
- Four floors above ground
- Three floors underground
- Central royal tower with surrounding structures
- Elevated plinth for flood protection
6.3 Political Significance
Kareng Ghar symbolized:
- Centralized Ahom administration
- Royal authority and grandeur
- Stability of the Ahom state
It was the nucleus of political power before the capital shifted to Rangpur.
7. Comparative Analysis of Major Ahom Monuments
| Feature | Rang Ghar | Talatal Ghar | Kareng Ghar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nature | Recreational | Military & Residential | Administrative & Royal |
| Location | Sivasagar | Rangpur (Sivasagar) | Garhgaon |
| Construction Phase | 18th Century | 17th–18th Century | 17th Century |
| Floors | Two | Seven (3 underground) | Seven (3 underground) |
| Significance | Cultural | Defensive | Political |
8. Cultural and Political Significance of Ahom Architecture
Ahom monuments were not mere buildings but instruments of governance and culture:
- Demonstrated royal legitimacy
- Reflected centralized authority
- Integrated military preparedness with civil life
- Strengthened cultural unity
Architecture became a visual representation of Ahom sovereignty.
9. Decline and Preservation of Ahom Architectural Heritage
After the Moamoria Rebellion and later Burmese invasions, royal construction declined. British annexation in 1826 further reduced patronage. However:
- Many monuments survived due to robust construction
- The Archaeological Survey of India now protects major sites
- Ahom monuments are vital heritage tourism centers
10. Examination-Oriented Key Points
- Ahom architecture reached maturity in the 17th–18th centuries
- Rang Ghar = Asia’s earliest amphitheatre
- Talatal Ghar = military-cum-residential palace with underground tunnels
- Kareng Ghar = earliest royal palace at Garhgaon
- Use of brick, lime mortar, arches, and defensive planning
11. Conclusion
Chronologically, Ahom architecture evolved from simple wooden dwellings to monumental brick palaces reflecting power, culture, and engineering excellence. Rang Ghar, Talatal Ghar, and Kareng Ghar stand as enduring symbols of Ahom ingenuity and statecraft. Together, they illustrate how architecture served political authority, military strategy, and cultural expression during the Ahom period.
Short Answer Type Questions with Answers
(Ahom Architecture)
1. What period of Assam history is known as the Ahom period?
Answer:
The Ahom period in Assam history spans from 1228 CE to 1826 CE.
2. Which centuries marked the peak of Ahom architectural development?
Answer:
Ahom architecture reached its peak during the 17th and 18th centuries.
3. Name the three most important monuments of Ahom architecture.
Answer:
Rang Ghar, Talatal Ghar, and Kareng Ghar.
4. What construction materials were predominantly used in Ahom architecture?
Answer:
Baked bricks and lime mortar mixed with organic materials.
5. Where is Rang Ghar located?
Answer:
Rang Ghar is located at Sivasagar, Assam.
6. Which Ahom ruler is associated with the construction of Rang Ghar?
Answer:
Rang Ghar was constructed during the reign of Swargadeo Pramatta Singha.
7. Why is Rang Ghar historically significant?
Answer:
It is considered the earliest surviving amphitheatre in Asia.
8. What was the primary function of Rang Ghar?
Answer:
It served as a royal pavilion for watching sports, festivals, and cultural events.
9. Which major festival events were viewed from Rang Ghar?
Answer:
Bihu celebrations, buffalo fights, and wrestling matches.
10. Where is Talatal Ghar situated?
Answer:
Talatal Ghar is located at Rangpur near Sivasagar, Assam.
11. Under which Ahom ruler was Talatal Ghar mainly constructed?
Answer:
Talatal Ghar was mainly constructed during the reign of Swargadeo Rudra Singha.
12. How many storeys does Talatal Ghar have?
Answer:
Talatal Ghar has seven storeys, including three underground floors.
13. What was the strategic importance of the underground floors of Talatal Ghar?
Answer:
They contained secret tunnels and escape routes for military defense.
14. Which river was Talatal Ghar connected to through underground tunnels?
Answer:
The Dikhow River.
15. What role did Talatal Ghar play during Ahom rule?
Answer:
It served as a royal residence, military headquarters, and defensive fortification.
16. Where is Kareng Ghar located?
Answer:
Kareng Ghar is located at Garhgaon in Assam.
17. Why is Kareng Ghar historically important?
Answer:
It was the earliest royal palace and capital complex of the Ahoms.
18. Which Ahom ruler rebuilt Kareng Ghar in brick?
Answer:
Kareng Ghar was rebuilt in brick by Swargadeo Rudra Singha.
19. How many storeys does Kareng Ghar have?
Answer:
Kareng Ghar has seven storeys, including three underground floors.
20. What architectural feature helped Ahom monuments resist floods?
Answer:
Construction on elevated plinths.
21. Which external architectural influence is visible in Ahom monuments?
Answer:
Mughal architectural influence, especially in arches and domes.
22. What type of architecture does Rang Ghar represent?
Answer:
Secular and recreational architecture.
23. Which monument best represents Ahom military architecture?
Answer:
Talatal Ghar.
24. What caused the decline of Ahom architectural activity?
Answer:
The Moamoria Rebellion, Burmese invasions, and British annexation.
25. Who is responsible for the protection of Ahom monuments today?
Answer:
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).
Long Answer Type Questions with Answers
(Ahom Architecture: Rang Ghar, Talatal Ghar, Kareng Ghar)
1. Trace the evolution of Ahom architecture from its early phase to its mature stage.
Answer:
Ahom architecture evolved over several centuries in response to political stability, cultural interaction, and technological advancement. In the early phase (13th–15th centuries), the Ahoms primarily used wood, bamboo, and thatch, reflecting their Tai origins and adaptation to the Brahmaputra valley’s environment. These structures were temporary and functional.
During the transitional phase (16th century), increased political consolidation and interaction with neighboring Hindu and Mughal powers led to experimentation with brick and stone construction.
The mature phase (17th–18th centuries) marked the zenith of Ahom architecture. Monumental brick palaces, military fortifications, and ceremonial structures were built using lime mortar, arches, and domes. Rang Ghar, Talatal Ghar, and Kareng Ghar belong to this phase, symbolizing Ahom power, cultural refinement, and engineering excellence.
2. Discuss the general features and distinctive characteristics of Ahom architecture.
Answer:
Ahom architecture is characterized by the extensive use of baked bricks and lime mortar mixed with organic materials like jaggery, black gram, and fish oil. Structures were built on elevated plinths to protect against floods. Semi-circular arches, domed roofs, thick walls, and minimal ornamentation emphasized durability and functionality.
Another distinctive feature was the integration of defensive elements such as underground tunnels, secret chambers, and massive gateways. Mughal architectural influences are visible in arches and vaults, while indigenous techniques ensured adaptability to Assam’s climate.
3. Examine the historical background behind the construction of Rang Ghar.
Answer:
Rang Ghar was constructed during the mid-18th century under Swargadeo Pramatta Singha and later improved by Rajeswar Singha. The Ahom kingdom had achieved political stability and prosperity by this time. Royal leisure, public festivals, and ceremonial events became symbols of sovereignty. Rang Ghar was built as a royal pavilion to oversee sports and festivities, reflecting the cultural confidence and administrative maturity of the Ahom state.
4. Describe the architectural design and structural features of Rang Ghar.
Answer:
Rang Ghar is a two-storied elongated structure with an oval, inverted boat-shaped roof. It features a series of semi-circular arches on both floors and is constructed entirely of brick masonry with lime plaster. Decorative motifs of animals and floral patterns adorn its exterior. The roof rests on a system of arches that demonstrate advanced engineering skills. The structure combines aesthetic elegance with structural stability.
5. Analyze the social and cultural significance of Rang Ghar during the Ahom period.
Answer:
Rang Ghar served as a royal amphitheatre from which Ahom kings and nobles watched buffalo fights, wrestling matches, Bihu celebrations, and cultural performances. It symbolized royal patronage of sports and festivals and strengthened the bond between the ruler and subjects. As a secular structure, it highlights the cultural vibrancy and recreational life of the Ahom court.
6. Discuss why Rang Ghar is regarded as one of the most important monuments in Assam.
Answer:
Rang Ghar is considered the earliest surviving amphitheatre in Asia. It represents a rare example of secular architecture in medieval Assam and reflects the technological, cultural, and artistic advancement of the Ahoms. Its survival over centuries underscores the excellence of Ahom construction techniques.
7. Examine the historical context behind the construction of Talatal Ghar.
Answer:
Talatal Ghar was primarily constructed during the reign of Swargadeo Rudra Singha in the late 17th century and expanded by Rajeswar Singha. This period was marked by military expansion, administrative consolidation, and frequent external threats. The need for a fortified royal residence and military headquarters led to the construction of Talatal Ghar within the Rangpur palace complex.
8. Describe the architectural layout and structural features of Talatal Ghar.
Answer:
Talatal Ghar is a seven-storied palace with four floors above ground and three underground. It has thick brick walls, massive staircases, long corridors, and hidden chambers. Underground tunnels connected the palace to the Dikhow River and other strategic locations. The structure exemplifies advanced planning, durability, and defensive engineering.
9. Evaluate the military and strategic importance of Talatal Ghar.
Answer:
Talatal Ghar functioned as a fortified military base and royal residence. Its underground tunnels provided secret escape routes and facilitated troop movement during invasions. Thick walls and concealed chambers enhanced security. The palace reflects the Ahom emphasis on military preparedness and strategic defense.
10. Discuss the engineering techniques used in the construction of Talatal Ghar.
Answer:
Talatal Ghar was constructed using baked bricks and lime mortar strengthened with organic materials. This mixture enhanced binding strength and resistance to moisture. The underground floors were carefully designed to withstand pressure and humidity, demonstrating advanced civil engineering knowledge.
11. Trace the historical importance of Kareng Ghar in the Ahom kingdom.
Answer:
Kareng Ghar, located at Garhgaon, was the earliest royal palace and capital of the Ahoms. It symbolized centralized authority and administrative control. Rebuilt in brick by Swargadeo Rudra Singha, it marked the transition from wooden to permanent architecture and reflected the consolidation of Ahom power.
12. Describe the architectural features of Kareng Ghar.
Answer:
Kareng Ghar is a seven-storied palace with four floors above ground and three underground. Built on an elevated plinth, it consists of a central royal tower surrounded by subsidiary structures. Thick walls, arched gateways, and strategic layout emphasize both grandeur and security.
13. Explain the political significance of Kareng Ghar in Ahom administration.
Answer:
Kareng Ghar functioned as the seat of royal authority and administration. It housed the king, court officials, and administrative machinery. As the capital palace, it symbolized political stability and centralized governance during the formative phase of the Ahom state.
14. Compare Rang Ghar, Talatal Ghar, and Kareng Ghar in terms of function and significance.
Answer:
Rang Ghar was primarily a recreational and cultural pavilion. Talatal Ghar served military and residential purposes, emphasizing defense. Kareng Ghar functioned as the political and administrative center. Together, they represent leisure, defense, and governance—three pillars of Ahom statecraft.
15. Analyze Mughal influence on Ahom architecture with suitable examples.
Answer:
Mughal influence is visible in the use of arches, vaults, domes, and symmetrical layouts. Structures like Rang Ghar and Talatal Ghar exhibit semi-circular arches and vaulted corridors similar to Mughal designs. However, Ahom architecture retained its regional identity through minimal ornamentation and flood-resistant planning.
16. Discuss the role of geography and climate in shaping Ahom architectural style.
Answer:
Assam’s flood-prone plains and humid climate influenced Ahom architecture significantly. Buildings were constructed on raised plinths with thick walls and durable mortar to withstand moisture. The use of underground chambers and sturdy materials ensured longevity despite environmental challenges.
17. Examine Ahom architecture as a reflection of royal power and legitimacy.
Answer:
Monumental structures like Talatal Ghar and Kareng Ghar projected royal authority, stability, and administrative control. Rang Ghar symbolized royal patronage of culture. Architecture served as a visual assertion of sovereignty and legitimacy.
18. Discuss the reasons for the decline of Ahom architectural activity.
Answer:
The Moamoria Rebellion, Burmese invasions, and internal conflicts weakened the Ahom state. British annexation in 1826 ended royal patronage. As a result, large-scale architectural activity declined.
19. Evaluate the importance of Ahom monuments in present-day Assam.
Answer:
Ahom monuments are valuable cultural heritage sites and symbols of Assamese identity. Protected by the Archaeological Survey of India, they promote historical awareness, tourism, and regional pride.
20. Critically assess the overall contribution of Ahom architecture to Indian architectural history.
Answer:
Ahom architecture represents a unique regional style that blended indigenous techniques with external influences. Its emphasis on durability, strategic planning, and functional aesthetics distinguishes it within Indian architectural traditions. Rang Ghar, Talatal Ghar, and Kareng Ghar stand as enduring examples of medieval engineering and statecraft in Northeast India.
MCQs with Answers and Explanations
(Ahom Architecture: Rang Ghar, Talatal Ghar, Kareng Ghar)
1. The Ahom period in Assam history extends from:
A. 600 CE – 1200 CE
B. 1228 CE – 1826 CE
C. 1300 CE – 1700 CE
D. 1500 CE – 1857 CE
Correct Answer: B. 1228 CE – 1826 CE
Explanation:
The Ahoms entered Assam in 1228 CE and ruled until 1826 CE, when Assam was annexed by the British after the Treaty of Yandabo.
2. Ahom architecture reached its highest level of development during which centuries?
A. 13th–14th centuries
B. 15th–16th centuries
C. 17th–18th centuries
D. 18th–19th centuries
Correct Answer: C. 17th–18th centuries
Explanation:
Political stability and royal patronage during the 17th–18th centuries enabled large-scale brick architecture such as Rang Ghar, Talatal Ghar, and Kareng Ghar.
3. Which construction material was most widely used in mature Ahom architecture?
A. Stone and marble
B. Wood and bamboo
C. Baked bricks and lime mortar
D. Granite blocks
Correct Answer: C. Baked bricks and lime mortar
Explanation:
Ahom builders used baked bricks bonded with lime mortar mixed with organic materials, giving exceptional strength and durability.
4. Which Ahom monument is regarded as the earliest surviving amphitheatre in Asia?
A. Kareng Ghar
B. Talatal Ghar
C. Rang Ghar
D. Joysagar
Correct Answer: C. Rang Ghar
Explanation:
Rang Ghar is considered Asia’s earliest amphitheatre used for viewing sports and cultural events.
5. Rang Ghar is located at:
A. Garhgaon
B. Rangpur
C. Sivasagar
D. Majuli
Correct Answer: C. Sivasagar
Explanation:
Rang Ghar is situated near Sivasagar, the former Ahom capital and center of royal monuments.
6. Rang Ghar was primarily used as a:
A. Military fort
B. Temple
C. Royal pavilion
D. Administrative office
Correct Answer: C. Royal pavilion
Explanation:
Rang Ghar served as a royal viewing gallery for sports, festivals, and cultural performances.
7. Which Ahom ruler is associated with the construction of Rang Ghar?
A. Sukapha
B. Rudra Singha
C. Pramatta Singha
D. Gaurinath Singha
Correct Answer: C. Pramatta Singha
Explanation:
Rang Ghar was constructed during the reign of Swargadeo Pramatta Singha in the mid-18th century.
8. The roof of Rang Ghar is shaped like a/an:
A. Dome
B. Pyramid
C. Inverted boat
D. Flat terrace
Correct Answer: C. Inverted boat
Explanation:
The distinctive inverted boat-shaped roof reflects indigenous design adapted to heavy rainfall.
9. Which Ahom monument is best known for its underground tunnels?
A. Rang Ghar
B. Kareng Ghar
C. Talatal Ghar
D. Namdang Stone Bridge
Correct Answer: C. Talatal Ghar
Explanation:
Talatal Ghar is famous for its underground floors and secret tunnels.
10. Talatal Ghar was primarily constructed during the reign of:
A. Pramatta Singha
B. Rudra Singha
C. Rajeswar Singha
D. Purandar Singha
Correct Answer: B. Rudra Singha
Explanation:
Talatal Ghar was built mainly under Swargadeo Rudra Singha, reflecting military and administrative consolidation.
11. How many storeys does Talatal Ghar have?
A. Five
B. Six
C. Seven
D. Eight
Correct Answer: C. Seven
Explanation:
Talatal Ghar consists of seven storeys, including three underground floors.
12. The underground tunnels of Talatal Ghar were connected to which river?
A. Brahmaputra
B. Subansiri
C. Dikhow
D. Dhansiri
Correct Answer: C. Dikhow
Explanation:
The tunnels connected Talatal Ghar to the Dikhow River, serving strategic and escape purposes.
13. Talatal Ghar primarily represents which type of architecture?
A. Religious
B. Recreational
C. Military and residential
D. Commercial
Correct Answer: C. Military and residential
Explanation:
Talatal Ghar functioned as a fortified palace, military headquarters, and royal residence.
14. Which Ahom monument served as the earliest royal palace and capital complex?
A. Rang Ghar
B. Talatal Ghar
C. Kareng Ghar
D. Sivasagar Tank
Correct Answer: C. Kareng Ghar
Explanation:
Kareng Ghar was the earliest capital palace of the Ahoms at Garhgaon.
15. Kareng Ghar is located at:
A. Sivasagar
B. Rangpur
C. Garhgaon
D. Jorhat
Correct Answer: C. Garhgaon
Explanation:
Garhgaon served as the original Ahom capital before shifting to Rangpur.
16. Kareng Ghar was rebuilt in brick form by:
A. Sukapha
B. Suhungmung
C. Rudra Singha
D. Pramatta Singha
Correct Answer: C. Rudra Singha
Explanation:
Swargadeo Rudra Singha rebuilt Kareng Ghar using brick, marking architectural advancement.
17. A common feature of Rang Ghar, Talatal Ghar, and Kareng Ghar is:
A. Stone pillars
B. Elevated plinths
C. Wooden walls
D. Heavy ornamentation
Correct Answer: B. Elevated plinths
Explanation:
Elevated plinths protected structures from floods common in the Brahmaputra valley.
18. Which architectural influence is clearly visible in Ahom monuments?
A. Dravidian
B. Indo-Islamic (Mughal)
C. European Gothic
D. Buddhist
Correct Answer: B. Indo-Islamic (Mughal)
Explanation:
Semi-circular arches and vaults reflect Mughal architectural influence.
19. Organic materials mixed with lime mortar mainly improved:
A. Color
B. Decoration
C. Binding strength
D. Weight
Correct Answer: C. Binding strength
Explanation:
Organic additives enhanced durability and moisture resistance.
20. Which monument best represents Ahom recreational culture?
A. Kareng Ghar
B. Talatal Ghar
C. Rang Ghar
D. Garhgaon Fort
Correct Answer: C. Rang Ghar
Explanation:
Rang Ghar was exclusively designed for royal entertainment and public festivities.
21. Which monument best reflects Ahom military preparedness?
A. Rang Ghar
B. Kareng Ghar
C. Talatal Ghar
D. Joysagar
Correct Answer: C. Talatal Ghar
Explanation:
Talatal Ghar’s tunnels and fortifications highlight Ahom defensive strategy.
22. The shift from wooden to brick architecture occurred mainly due to:
A. Religious reform
B. Climate change
C. Political stability and resources
D. European influence
Correct Answer: C. Political stability and resources
Explanation:
Stable governance enabled permanent construction using durable materials.
23. The decline of Ahom architectural activity was mainly caused by:
A. Natural disasters
B. Moamoria Rebellion and invasions
C. Religious opposition
D. Trade decline
Correct Answer: B. Moamoria Rebellion and invasions
Explanation:
Internal rebellion and Burmese invasions weakened royal patronage.
24. Today, major Ahom monuments are protected by:
A. State Government
B. UNESCO
C. Archaeological Survey of India
D. Local councils
Correct Answer: C. Archaeological Survey of India
Explanation:
The ASI preserves and maintains Ahom heritage monuments.
25. Ahom architecture is best described as:
A. Highly ornamental temple architecture
B. A blend of indigenous and Mughal styles
C. Purely religious architecture
D. European-influenced architecture
Correct Answer: B. A blend of indigenous and Mughal styles
Explanation:
Ahom architecture combined local techniques with Mughal structural elements while retaining regional identity.