Part 1: Alimentary Canal (25 MCQs)

Q1. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the human alimentary canal?

A. Mouth → Pharynx → Esophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine → Anus
B. Mouth → Esophagus → Pharynx → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine → Anus
C. Mouth → Pharynx → Stomach → Esophagus → Small intestine → Large intestine → Anus
D. Mouth → Stomach → Esophagus → Pharynx → Small intestine → Large intestine → Anus

Answer: A

Explanation:

A. Correct: This is the accurate anatomical sequence of food passage.
B. Incorrect: Pharynx comes before esophagus, not after.
C. Incorrect: Esophagus connects pharynx to stomach, not the other way around.
D. Incorrect: Stomach does not directly follow the mouth; esophagus lies in between.

Q2. The vermiform appendix is a part of which section of the alimentary canal?

A. Jejunum
B. Ileum
C. Caecum
D. Rectum

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Jejunum is a part of the small intestine.
B. Incorrect: Ileum is the last part of the small intestine.
C. Correct: The appendix is a finger-like projection from the caecum of the large intestine.
D. Incorrect: Rectum is the terminal part of the large intestine.

Q3. Rugae are present in which part of the alimentary canal?

A. Esophagus
B. Stomach
C. Large intestine
D. Rectum

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Esophagus has no rugae; it is a muscular tube.
B. Correct: Rugae are folds in the inner lining of the stomach that allow expansion.
C. Incorrect: Large intestine has haustra, not rugae.
D. Incorrect: Rectum lacks such folds.

Q4. The longest part of the human alimentary canal is:

A. Stomach
B. Small intestine
C. Large intestine
D. Esophagus

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Stomach is comparatively short (J-shaped).
B. Correct: Small intestine is about 6 meters long and is the longest part.
C. Incorrect: Large intestine is only ~1.5 m long.
D. Incorrect: Esophagus is ~25 cm long.

Q5. Which structure prevents food from entering the windpipe during swallowing?

A. Uvula
B. Epiglottis
C. Glottis
D. Soft palate

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Uvula prevents food from entering the nasal cavity, not the windpipe.
B. Correct: Epiglottis acts as a flap covering the glottis during swallowing.
C. Incorrect: Glottis is the opening of the larynx, but does not itself prevent entry.
D. Incorrect: Soft palate only closes the nasal passage.

Q6. Which of the following is NOT a part of the large intestine?

A. Colon
B. Rectum
C. Caecum
D. Ileum

Answer: D

Explanation:

A. Correct part of large intestine.
B. Correct part of large intestine.
C. Correct part of large intestine.
D. Correct answer: Ileum belongs to the small intestine.

Q7. Peyer’s patches are mainly found in the:

A. Duodenum
B. Jejunum
C. Ileum
D. Rectum

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Duodenum mainly has Brunner’s glands.
B. Incorrect: Jejunum has prominent villi but fewer Peyer’s patches.
C. Correct: Peyer’s patches are lymphoid nodules in ileum.
D. Incorrect: Rectum has no Peyer’s patches.

Q8. Which part of the alimentary canal shows haustral contractions?

A. Stomach
B. Small intestine
C. Large intestine
D. Esophagus

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Stomach shows peristalsis and mixing contractions.
B. Incorrect: Small intestine shows segmentation and peristalsis.
C. Correct: Large intestine shows haustral contractions due to sacculations.
D. Incorrect: Esophagus only shows peristaltic waves.

Q9. The ileocecal valve is located between:

A. Ileum and jejunum
B. Jejunum and duodenum
C. Ileum and caecum
D. Colon and rectum

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Ileum follows jejunum directly without a valve.
B. Incorrect: Jejunum and duodenum are continuous.
C. Correct: Ileocecal valve controls entry of digested food into the caecum.
D. Incorrect: Colon and rectum are continuous without such a valve.

Q10. The esophagus is lined with which epithelium?

A. Ciliated columnar epithelium
B. Simple squamous epithelium
C. Stratified squamous epithelium
D. Simple columnar epithelium

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Not ciliated.
B. Incorrect: Simple squamous lines alveoli.
C. Correct: Esophagus is lined with stratified squamous epithelium to resist abrasion.
D. Incorrect: Columnar epithelium is present in intestines.

Q11. Which part of the small intestine receives bile and pancreatic juice?

A. Ileum
B. Jejunum
C. Duodenum
D. Caecum

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Ileum is mainly for absorption.
B. Incorrect: Jejunum is the middle part and mainly absorbs nutrients.
C. Correct: Duodenum receives secretions of liver (bile) and pancreas.
D. Incorrect: Caecum is part of the large intestine.

Q12. Which sphincter regulates the passage of food from the stomach to the duodenum?

A. Gastroesophageal sphincter
B. Pyloric sphincter
C. Ileocecal valve
D. Anal sphincter

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Gastroesophageal sphincter is between esophagus and stomach.
B. Correct: Pyloric sphincter controls movement of chyme into duodenum.
C. Incorrect: Ileocecal valve is between small and large intestine.
D. Incorrect: Anal sphincter controls expulsion of feces.

Q13. Which of the following is NOT a region of the stomach?

A. Cardiac
B. Fundus
C. Pylorus
D. Caecum

Answer: D

Explanation:

A, B, C. Correct parts of stomach.
D. Correct answer: Caecum belongs to the large intestine, not stomach.

Q14. Which organ is described as “J-shaped” in the alimentary canal?

A. Esophagus
B. Stomach
C. Duodenum
D. Rectum

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Esophagus is a straight muscular tube.
B. Correct: Stomach is J-shaped and located in the upper left abdomen.
C. Incorrect: Duodenum is C-shaped.
D. Incorrect: Rectum is straight and terminal.

Q15. The serosa of the alimentary canal is derived from:

A. Mesoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Ectoderm
D. Mesothelium

Answer: D

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Mesoderm forms muscular layers, not serosa directly.
B. Incorrect: Endoderm gives rise to mucosa.
C. Incorrect: Ectoderm forms oral and anal lining.
D. Correct: Serosa is an outer mesothelial layer with connective tissue.

Q16. Villi are absent in which part of the alimentary canal?

A. Duodenum
B. Ileum
C. Large intestine
D. Jejunum

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Duodenum has villi.
B. Incorrect: Ileum has villi.
C. Correct: Large intestine has no villi, only crypts.
D. Incorrect: Jejunum has longest villi.

Q17. Which of the following is called the “food pipe”?

A. Trachea
B. Esophagus
C. Duodenum
D. Pharynx

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Trachea is the windpipe.
B. Correct: Esophagus carries swallowed food to the stomach.
C. Incorrect: Duodenum is part of small intestine.
D. Incorrect: Pharynx is a common passage for food and air.

Q18. Which region of the stomach primarily acts as a reservoir for food?

A. Fundus
B. Cardiac
C. Pyloric region
D. Duodenum

Answer: A

Explanation:

A. Correct: Fundus stores food temporarily.
B. Incorrect: Cardiac region receives food from esophagus.
C. Incorrect: Pyloric region regulates emptying into duodenum.
D. Incorrect: Duodenum is not part of stomach.

Q19. Brunner’s glands are characteristic of which part of the alimentary canal?

A. Esophagus
B. Stomach
C. Duodenum
D. Ileum

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Esophagus lacks such glands.
B. Incorrect: Stomach has gastric glands.
C. Correct: Brunner’s glands in duodenum secrete alkaline mucus.
D. Incorrect: Ileum has Peyer’s patches.

Q20. Taeniae coli are found in which part of the alimentary canal?

A. Small intestine
B. Stomach
C. Large intestine
D. Esophagus

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Small intestine has smooth longitudinal muscles.
B. Incorrect: Stomach has three muscle layers.
C. Correct: Large intestine has three longitudinal muscle bands called taeniae coli.
D. Incorrect: Esophagus has muscularis externa but no taeniae.

Q21. Which layer of the alimentary canal contains blood vessels, lymph, and nerves?

A. Mucosa
B. Submucosa
C. Muscularis externa
D. Serosa

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Mucosa is the innermost lining.
B. Correct: Submucosa contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and Meissner’s plexus.
C. Incorrect: Muscularis externa provides peristalsis.
D. Incorrect: Serosa is the outer covering.

Q22. Which part of the large intestine opens into the rectum?

A. Ascending colon
B. Transverse colon
C. Descending colon
D. Sigmoid colon

Answer: D

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Ascending colon leads into transverse colon.
B. Incorrect: Transverse colon leads into descending colon.
C. Incorrect: Descending colon leads into sigmoid colon.
D. Correct: Sigmoid colon connects to rectum.

Q23. Which structure separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity?

A. Uvula
B. Palate
C. Epiglottis
D. Tongue

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Uvula prevents food entry into nasopharynx.
B. Correct: Palate (hard + soft) separates oral and nasal cavities.
C. Incorrect: Epiglottis prevents entry into trachea.
D. Incorrect: Tongue helps in swallowing and taste, not separation.

Q24. The appendix in humans is considered:

A. Excretory organ
B. Endocrine gland
C. Vestigial organ
D. Accessory digestive gland

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Not excretory.
B. Incorrect: Not an endocrine gland.
C. Correct: Appendix is a vestigial organ with minor lymphatic function.
D. Incorrect: Accessory digestive glands include salivary glands, liver, pancreas.

Q25. Which part of the small intestine is the principal site of nutrient absorption?

A. Duodenum
B. Jejunum
C. Ileum
D. Caecum

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Duodenum mainly receives digestive juices and does initial digestion.
B. Correct: Jejunum is the chief site of absorption.
C. Incorrect: Ileum absorbs vitamin B12 and bile salts but not the main absorption site.
D. Incorrect: Caecum is in the large intestine.

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Part 1: Alimentary Canal (25 MCQs)