Part 6 — Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms: Comparative Features & Advanced Structures (Q.126–150)
Part 6 — Gymnosperms vs. Angiosperms: Comparative Features & Advanced Structures (Q.126–150)
Q126. Gymnosperms differ from angiosperms in having:
A) Seeds enclosed in fruits
B) Naked seeds
C) True flowers
D) Endosperm formed after fertilization
Answer: B) Naked seeds
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Seeds enclosed in fruits = angiosperms.
- B) Correct – Gymnosperms have naked seeds, not enclosed.
- C) Wrong – Flowers are absent in gymnosperms.
- D) Wrong – Endosperm in gymnosperms is haploid, formed before fertilization.
Q127. Which of the following is absent in gymnosperms but present in angiosperms?
A) Xylem tracheids
B) Phloem sieve tubes with companion cells
C) Roots
D) Vascular bundles
Answer: B) Phloem sieve tubes with companion cells
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Tracheids are present in both.
- B) Correct – Companion cells are absent in gymnosperms.
- C) Wrong – Roots are present in both.
- D) Wrong – Both have vascular bundles.
Q128. Which tissue stores food in gymnosperm seeds?
A) Triploid endosperm
B) Haploid endosperm (female gametophyte)
C) Perisperm
D) Cotyledons only
Answer: B) Haploid endosperm (female gametophyte)
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Triploid endosperm is angiosperm feature.
- B) Correct – In gymnosperms, haploid gametophytic tissue stores food.
- C) Wrong – Perisperm = nucellus remnants.
- D) Wrong – Cotyledons may absorb food, not primary storage.
Q129. Pollination in gymnosperms mostly occurs by:
A) Water
B) Insects
C) Wind
D) Birds
Answer: C) Wind
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Water pollination is rare.
- B) Wrong – Insects rarely pollinate gymnosperms.
- C) Correct – Wind pollination is dominant (anemophily).
- D) Wrong – Bird pollination absent.
Q130. Which among the following is the smallest gametophyte in plants?
A) Gymnosperm male gametophyte
B) Gymnosperm female gametophyte
C) Angiosperm male gametophyte (pollen grain)
D) Angiosperm female gametophyte (embryo sac)
Answer: C) Angiosperm male gametophyte (pollen grain)
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Larger than angiosperm pollen.
- B) Wrong – Female gametophyte of gymnosperms is large.
- C) Correct – Pollen grain = only 2–3 cells.
- D) Wrong – Embryo sac is larger than pollen.
Q131. Which of the following structures is unique to angiosperms?
A) Ovules
B) Flowers
C) Seeds
D) Vascular tissue
Answer: B) Flowers
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Ovules are in both gymnosperms and angiosperms.
- B) Correct – Flowers are unique to angiosperms.
- C) Wrong – Both groups have seeds.
- D) Wrong – Both have vascular tissues.
Q132. Gymnosperm endosperm is:
A) Haploid and pre-fertilization
B) Triploid and post-fertilization
C) Diploid and post-fertilization
D) Absent
Answer: A) Haploid and pre-fertilization
Explanation:
- A) Correct – Gymnosperm endosperm develops from haploid female gametophyte.
- B, C) Wrong – Angiosperm feature.
- D) Wrong – Endosperm is present.
Q133. In angiosperms, the ovules are borne inside:
A) Strobili
B) Carpels
C) Cones
D) Sporangia
Answer: B) Carpels
Explanation:
- A, C) Wrong – Gymnosperm feature.
- B) Correct – Ovules enclosed inside carpels/ovary.
- D) Wrong – Sporangia refers to spores.
Q134. Double fertilization is characteristic of:
A) Angiosperms only
B) Gymnosperms only
C) Both gymnosperms and angiosperms
D) Pteridophytes
Answer: A) Angiosperms only
Explanation:
- A) Correct – Unique to angiosperms.
- B) Wrong – Absent in gymnosperms.
- C) Wrong – Not shared.
- D) Wrong – Absent in pteridophytes.
Q135. Which of the following groups lack vessels in xylem?
A) Gymnosperms (mostly)
B) Angiosperms
C) Both gymnosperms and angiosperms
D) Bryophytes
Answer: A) Gymnosperms (mostly)
Explanation:
- A) Correct – Gymnosperms have tracheids, except Gnetales with vessels.
- B) Wrong – Angiosperms have vessels.
- C) Wrong – Both don’t lack vessels.
- D) Wrong – Bryophytes lack true xylem.
Q136. Which is the female gametophyte in angiosperms?
A) Pollen grain
B) Ovule
C) Embryo sac
D) Archegonium
Answer: C) Embryo sac
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Male gametophyte.
- B) Wrong – Ovule is sporophytic tissue.
- C) Correct – Embryo sac = female gametophyte.
- D) Wrong – Archegonium absent in angiosperms.
Q137. Which is the female gametophyte in gymnosperms?
A) Archegonium inside ovule
B) Embryo sac
C) Megaspore tetrad
D) Endosperm
Answer: A) Archegonium inside ovule
Explanation:
- A) Correct – Archegonia present in gymnosperms.
- B) Wrong – Embryo sac = angiosperm.
- C) Wrong – Tetrad is meiotic product.
- D) Wrong – Endosperm is nutritive, not gametophyte.
Q138. In gymnosperms, pollination drop helps in:
A) Capturing pollen grains
B) Fertilization
C) Development of seeds
D) Fruit formation
Answer: A) Capturing pollen grains
Explanation:
- A) Correct – Pollination drop exudes from micropyle, trapping pollen.
- B–D) Wrong – Not involved in fertilization/fruit directly.
Q139. In angiosperms, fruit wall develops from:
A) Ovary wall
B) Ovule
C) Integuments
D) Nucellus
Answer: A) Ovary wall
Explanation:
- A) Correct – Pericarp develops from ovary wall.
- B) Wrong – Ovule forms seed.
- C, D) Wrong – Not fruit wall.
Q140. Polyembryony is common in:
A) Angiosperms
B) Gymnosperms
C) Pteridophytes
D) Bryophytes
Answer: B) Gymnosperms
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Rare in angiosperms.
- B) Correct – Many embryos from one ovule are common in gymnosperms.
- C, D) Wrong – Not seen in lower groups.
Q141. Which of the following is a living fossil gymnosperm?
A) Pinus
B) Cycas
C) Ginkgo biloba
D) Ephedra
Answer: C) Ginkgo biloba
Explanation:
- A, B, D) Wrong – Not considered living fossils.
- C) Correct – Ginkgo biloba is a living fossil gymnosperm.
Q142. Angiosperm wood with vessels is called:
A) Pycnoxylic
B) Manoxylic
C) Hardwood
D) Softwood
Answer: C) Hardwood
Explanation:
- A, B) Wrong – Terms used for gymnosperm wood.
- C) Correct – Hardwood = angiosperm wood with vessels.
- D) Wrong – Softwood = gymnosperm wood without vessels.
Q143. Gymnosperm wood is commonly called:
A) Hardwood
B) Softwood
C) Manoxylic wood only
D) Fibrous wood
Answer: B) Softwood
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Hardwood = angiosperms.
- B) Correct – Gymnosperm wood = softwood (tracheid-based).
- C, D) Wrong – Not common usage.
Q144. Fertilization in gymnosperms occurs:
A) Immediately after pollination
B) After a long time (months–years)
C) Before pollination
D) During fruit formation
Answer: B) After a long time (months–years)
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Fertilization delayed in gymnosperms.
- B) Correct – Fertilization often occurs after a gap of months to years.
- C, D) Wrong – Not applicable.
Q145. Which of the following has vessels in xylem?
A) Pinus
B) Cycas
C) Gnetum
D) Cedrus
Answer: C) Gnetum
Explanation:
- A, B, D) Wrong – Only tracheids present.
- C) Correct – Gnetum is gymnosperm with vessels.
Q146. Seeds of gymnosperms are described as:
A) Naked
B) Enclosed in fruits
C) Covered by pericarp
D) Inside ovary
Answer: A) Naked
Explanation:
- A) Correct – Gymnosperms have naked seeds.
- B–D) Wrong – Features of angiosperms.
Q147. Angiosperm phloem consists of:
A) Only sieve tubes
B) Sieve tubes + companion cells + phloem parenchyma
C) Tracheids + companion cells
D) Sieve cells only
Answer: B) Sieve tubes + companion cells + phloem parenchyma
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Incomplete.
- B) Correct – Angiosperm phloem has sieve tubes with companion cells.
- C, D) Wrong – Not correct combinations.
Q148. Gymnosperm phloem consists of:
A) Sieve tubes with companion cells
B) Sieve cells without companion cells
C) Only phloem parenchyma
D) Only fibers
Answer: B) Sieve cells without companion cells
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Absent in gymnosperms.
- B) Correct – Gymnosperms have sieve cells, companion cells absent.
- C, D) Wrong – Not complete phloem.
Q149. In gymnosperms, the male gametophyte is represented by:
A) Microspore mother cell
B) Pollen grain
C) Ovule
D) Endosperm
Answer: B) Pollen grain
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Microspore mother cell is diploid sporophyte.
- B) Correct – Pollen grain is male gametophyte.
- C, D) Wrong – Ovule/endosperm are not male gametophytes.
Q150. In angiosperms, fertilization leads to:
A) Only zygote formation
B) Zygote + endosperm formation
C) Endosperm only
D) Fruit directly
Answer: B) Zygote + endosperm formation
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – That happens in gymnosperms.
- B) Correct – Double fertilization gives zygote + endosperm.
- C) Wrong – Not endosperm only.
- D) Wrong – Fruit forms later from ovary.
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