Part 8: Disorders of Endocrine System & Integrated NEET-level Practice

Part 8 (25 MCQs) on Disorders of Endocrine System & Integrated NEET-level Practice – Diabetes, Goiter, Addison’s, Cushing’s, Dwarfism, Acromegaly, etc. from Chapter 22: Chemical Coordination and Integration (NCERT Class 11 + NEET UG).

Part 8: Disorders of Endocrine System & Integrated NEET-level Practice

Q1. Diabetes mellitus is caused by:

a) Insulin deficiency
b) Excess insulin
c) ADH deficiency
d) Aldosterone deficiency

Answer: a) Insulin deficiency

✅ Low insulin → hyperglycemia, glucosuria, polyuria.

Q2. Diabetes insipidus is caused by deficiency of:

a) Insulin
b) ADH
c) Cortisol
d) Thyroxine

Answer: b) ADH

✅ ADH deficiency → polyuria, polydipsia, dilute urine.

Q3. Goiter is caused due to deficiency of:

a) Calcium
b) Iodine
c) Iron
d) Vitamin D

Answer: b) Iodine

✅ Low iodine → low thyroxine → thyroid enlargement.

Q4. Cretinism occurs due to:

a) Hypothyroidism in children
b) Hyperthyroidism in children
c) Hypoparathyroidism
d) Excess GH

Answer: a) Hypothyroidism in children

✅ Causes stunted growth + mental retardation.

Q5. Myxedema is:

a) Hypothyroidism in adults
b) Hyperthyroidism in adults
c) Hypothyroidism in children
d) Hypopituitarism

Answer: a) Hypothyroidism in adults

✅ Symptoms: puffiness, lethargy, low BMR.

Q6. Exophthalmic goiter (Graves’ disease) is due to:

a) Hypothyroidism
b) Hyperthyroidism
c) Hypoparathyroidism
d) Addison’s disease

Answer: b) Hyperthyroidism

✅ Symptoms: protruded eyes, weight loss, high BMR.

Q7. Addison’s disease is caused by deficiency of:

a) Cortisol and aldosterone
b) Insulin
c) ADH
d) Thyroxine

Answer: a) Cortisol and aldosterone

✅ Leads to weakness, low BP, hyperpigmentation.

Q8. Cushing’s syndrome results from:

a) Excess cortisol
b) Deficiency of cortisol
c) Deficiency of insulin
d) Excess thyroxine

Answer: a) Excess cortisol

✅ Symptoms: moon face, buffalo hump, obesity.

Q9. Acromegaly is caused by:

a) GH excess in adults
b) GH excess in children
c) GH deficiency in childhood
d) Thyroxine deficiency

Answer: a) GH excess in adults

✅ Enlarged hands, feet, jaw.

Q10. Gigantism occurs due to:

a) GH excess in childhood
b) GH deficiency in childhood
c) GH excess in adulthood
d) GH deficiency in adulthood

Answer: a) GH excess in childhood

✅ Results in abnormal tallness.

Q11. Pituitary dwarfism is due to:

a) GH deficiency in childhood
b) GH excess in childhood
c) GH excess in adults
d) Thyroxine deficiency

Answer: a) GH deficiency in childhood

✅ Stunted growth but proportionate body.

Q12. Tetany occurs due to deficiency of:

a) Calcium (low PTH)
b) Sodium
c) Insulin
d) Cortisol

Answer: a) Calcium (low PTH)

✅ Hypoparathyroidism → hypocalcemia → muscle spasms.

Q13. Osteoporosis may result from deficiency of:

a) Estrogen
b) Testosterone
c) Cortisol
d) Thyroxine

Answer: a) Estrogen

✅ Postmenopausal estrogen decline → bone loss.

Q14. Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of:

a) Thyroid gland
b) Adrenal medulla
c) Adrenal cortex
d) Pituitary

Answer: b) Adrenal medulla

✅ Causes excess catecholamine secretion → hypertension.

Q15. Conn’s syndrome results from excess:

a) Cortisol
b) Aldosterone
c) Insulin
d) GH

Answer: b) Aldosterone

✅ Leads to hypertension, low K⁺, metabolic alkalosis.

Q16. Hypersecretion of prolactin causes:

a) Lactation in non-pregnant women
b) Gigantism
c) Diabetes
d) Hypocalcemia

Answer: a) Lactation in non-pregnant women

✅ Condition called galactorrhea.

Q17. Which endocrine disorder is characterized by excessive thirst and urination but normal glucose levels?

a) Diabetes mellitus
b) Diabetes insipidus
c) Addison’s disease
d) Myxedema

Answer: b) Diabetes insipidus

✅ Due to ADH deficiency.

Q18. Hyperparathyroidism leads to:

a) Low blood calcium
b) Bone demineralization and kidney stones
c) Goiter
d) Diabetes

Answer: b) Bone demineralization and kidney stones

✅ High PTH → high blood Ca²⁺, fragile bones.

Q19. Hypoparathyroidism causes:

a) Hypocalcemia and tetany
b) Hyperglycemia
c) Obesity
d) Gigantism

Answer: a) Hypocalcemia and tetany

✅ Low PTH → low Ca²⁺ → muscle spasms.

Q20. Which disorder is treated with insulin therapy?

a) Diabetes mellitus
b) Diabetes insipidus
c) Addison’s disease
d) Goiter

Answer: a) Diabetes mellitus

✅ Due to insulin deficiency.

Q21. Assertion (A): Diabetes mellitus is caused by lack of insulin.

Reason (R): Insulin regulates blood glucose levels.
a) Both A and R true; R correct explanation
b) Both A and R true; R not explanation
c) A true, R false
d) Both false