Part 2: Digestive Glands (25 MCQs)

Q1. Which of the following is NOT an accessory digestive gland in humans?

A. Salivary glands
B. Liver
C. Pancreas
D. Spleen

Answer: D

Explanation:

A. Correct gland: Salivary glands secrete saliva.
B. Correct gland: Liver secretes bile.
C. Correct gland: Pancreas secretes digestive enzymes.
D. Correct answer: Spleen is a lymphoid organ, not a digestive gland.

Q2. How many pairs of major salivary glands are present in humans?

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

Answer: B (3 pairs)

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Not two.
B. Correct: Parotid, submandibular (submaxillary), and sublingual are the 3 pairs.
C. Incorrect: No fourth pair.
D. Incorrect: Only three pairs exist.

Q3. The parotid gland opens into the buccal cavity through:

A. Wharton’s duct
B. Stenson’s duct
C. Bartholin’s duct
D. Hepatic duct

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Wharton’s duct belongs to submandibular gland.
B. Correct: Stenson’s duct opens parotid gland secretion near the upper second molar.
C. Incorrect: Bartholin’s duct is associated with sublingual gland.
D. Incorrect: Hepatic duct carries bile from the liver.

Q4. Which of the following is secreted by the salivary glands?

A. Amylase
B. Pepsin
C. Trypsin
D. Lipase

Answer: A

Explanation:

A. Correct: Saliva contains salivary amylase (ptyalin) that digests starch.
B. Incorrect: Pepsin is secreted in the stomach.
C. Incorrect: Trypsin is secreted by pancreas.
D. Incorrect: Lipase is secreted mainly by pancreas and gastric glands.

Q5. Which of the following is the largest gland in the human body?

A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Thyroid
D. Salivary gland

Answer: A

Explanation:

A. Correct: Liver is the largest gland (~1.5 kg).
B. Incorrect: Pancreas is smaller (~60–100 g).
C. Incorrect: Thyroid is the largest endocrine gland, not overall.
D. Incorrect: Salivary glands are smaller.

Q6. Which cells of the liver secrete bile?

A. Islets of Langerhans
B. Hepatocytes
C. Kupffer cells
D. Goblet cells

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Islets are endocrine cells of pancreas.
B. Correct: Hepatocytes synthesize and secrete bile.
C. Incorrect: Kupffer cells are macrophages in liver.
D. Incorrect: Goblet cells secrete mucus, not bile.

Q7. The gallbladder stores and releases:

A. Enzymes
B. Bile
C. Hydrochloric acid
D. Amylase

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Enzymes are secreted by pancreas.
B. Correct: Gallbladder stores bile and releases it into duodenum.
C. Incorrect: HCl is secreted in the stomach.
D. Incorrect: Amylase is secreted by salivary glands and pancreas.

Q8. Which of the following is NOT a function of bile?

A. Emulsification of fats
B. Activation of lipase
C. Neutralization of chyme
D. Hydrolysis of proteins

Answer: D

Explanation:

A. Correct function: Bile salts emulsify fats.
B. Correct function: Bile activates lipases.
C. Correct function: Bile is alkaline and neutralizes acidic chyme.
D. Correct answer: Protein hydrolysis is done by proteolytic enzymes, not bile.

Q9. Pancreatic juice contains all EXCEPT:

A. Trypsinogen
B. Lipase
C. Amylase
D. Pepsin

Answer: D

Explanation:

A. Correct in pancreas.
B. Correct in pancreas.
C. Correct in pancreas.
D. Correct answer: Pepsin is a gastric enzyme, not pancreatic.

Q10. Which hormone stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonates?

A. Secretin
B. Gastrin
C. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D. Enterogastrone

Answer: A

Explanation:

A. Correct: Secretin stimulates bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice.
B. Incorrect: Gastrin stimulates gastric glands.
C. Incorrect: CCK stimulates enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and bile release.
D. Incorrect: Enterogastrone inhibits gastric secretion.

Q11. Kupffer cells in the liver are:

A. Secretory cells
B. Storage cells
C. Macrophages
D. Endocrine cells

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Hepatocytes are secretory.
B. Incorrect: Ito cells store fat.
C. Correct: Kupffer cells are liver macrophages.
D. Incorrect: Endocrine cells are in pancreas.

Q12. Which enzyme of pancreatic juice digests nucleic acids?

A. Amylase
B. Lipase
C. Nuclease
D. Peptidase

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Amylase digests starch.
B. Incorrect: Lipase digests fats.
C. Correct: Nuclease breaks DNA and RNA.
D. Incorrect: Peptidases act on proteins/peptides.

Q13. Which salivary gland is the largest?

A. Sublingual
B. Submandibular
C. Parotid
D. Buccal

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Sublingual is the smallest.
B. Incorrect: Submandibular is medium sized.
C. Correct: Parotid is the largest.
D. Incorrect: Buccal glands are minor glands.

Q14. Which hormone causes contraction of the gallbladder?

A. Gastrin
B. Secretin
C. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D. Somatostatin

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Gastrin stimulates gastric secretion.
B. Incorrect: Secretin stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.
C. Correct: CCK contracts gallbladder to release bile.
D. Incorrect: Somatostatin inhibits secretions.

Q15. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct to form the:

A. Ductus arteriosus
B. Hepatic portal vein
C. Hepatopancreatic duct
D. Cystic duct

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Ductus arteriosus is in fetus.
B. Incorrect: Hepatic portal vein drains blood, not secretions.
C. Correct: Hepatopancreatic duct (Ampulla of Vater) opens into duodenum.
D. Incorrect: Cystic duct carries bile from gallbladder.

Q16. Saliva is slightly acidic/basic due to the presence of:

A. HCl
B. NaCl
C. Bicarbonates
D. Pepsin

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: HCl is in gastric juice.
B. Incorrect: NaCl does not set pH.
C. Correct: Bicarbonates make saliva slightly alkaline (pH ~6.8).
D. Incorrect: Pepsin is a gastric enzyme.

Q17. Which of the following does NOT form part of bile?

A. Bile salts
B. Bile pigments
C. Cholesterol
D. Digestive enzymes

Answer: D

Explanation:

A. Correct component.
B. Correct component (bilirubin, biliverdin).
C. Correct component.
D. Correct answer: Bile has no enzymes.

Q18. Which gland is heterocrine (both endocrine and exocrine)?

A. Salivary gland
B. Liver
C. Pancreas
D. Gastric gland

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Salivary gland is purely exocrine.
B. Incorrect: Liver is exocrine.
C. Correct: Pancreas has both endocrine (Islets of Langerhans) and exocrine (acini).
D. Incorrect: Gastric gland is exocrine.

Q19. Which enzyme in saliva has antibacterial action?

A. Lysozyme
B. Amylase
C. Lipase
D. Rennin

Answer: A

Explanation:

A. Correct: Lysozyme breaks bacterial cell walls.
B. Incorrect: Amylase digests starch.
C. Incorrect: Lipase digests fats.
D. Incorrect: Rennin curdles milk in infants.

Q20. Which gland produces intrinsic factor for vitamin B12 absorption?

A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Gastric glands
D. Salivary glands

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Liver stores vitamin B12 but does not produce intrinsic factor.
B. Incorrect: Pancreas does not.
C. Correct: Parietal cells of gastric glands secrete intrinsic factor.
D. Incorrect: Salivary glands do not.

Q21. Which duct carries bile from the gallbladder?

A. Hepatic duct
B. Cystic duct
C. Pancreatic duct
D. Stenson’s duct

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Hepatic duct carries bile from liver.
B. Correct: Cystic duct carries bile from gallbladder.
C. Incorrect: Pancreatic duct carries pancreatic juice.
D. Incorrect: Stenson’s duct belongs to parotid gland.

Q22. Trypsinogen is activated into trypsin by:

A. Enterokinase
B. Pepsin
C. Lipase
D. Amylase

Answer: A

Explanation:

A. Correct: Enterokinase from intestinal mucosa activates trypsinogen.
B. Incorrect: Pepsin acts in stomach.
C. Incorrect: Lipase digests fats.
D. Incorrect: Amylase digests starch.

Q23. Which enzyme is secreted in inactive form?

A. Amylase
B. Lipase
C. Trypsinogen
D. Maltase

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Amylase is active.
B. Incorrect: Lipase is active.
C. Correct: Trypsinogen is secreted inactive to prevent autodigestion.
D. Incorrect: Maltase is active.

Q24. Which of the following is TRUE about bile salts?

A. They digest fats
B. They emulsify fats
C. They hydrolyze proteins
D. They digest carbohydrates

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Bile salts do not digest fats.
B. Correct: They emulsify fats into micelles.
C. Incorrect: Proteins are digested by proteases.
D. Incorrect: Carbohydrates are digested by amylases.

Q25. Which hormone stimulates both bile and enzyme-rich pancreatic juice secretion?

A. Secretin
B. Gastrin
C. CCK (Cholecystokinin)
D. Enterogastrone

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Secretin mainly stimulates bicarbonate secretion.
B. Incorrect: Gastrin stimulates gastric glands.
C. Correct: CCK stimulates gallbladder contraction and enzyme-rich pancreatic juice.
D. Incorrect: Enterogastrone inhibits gastric activity.

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Part 2: Digestive Glands (25 MCQs)