Part 8: Disorders of Respiratory System & Miscellaneous (25 MCQs)

Q1. Which of the following is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

A. Asthma
B. Emphysema
C. Tuberculosis
D. Pneumonia

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Asthma is reversible obstruction, not chronic COPD.
B. Correct: Emphysema = permanent damage to alveoli, a COPD.
C. Incorrect: TB is infectious, not COPD.
D. Incorrect: Pneumonia is acute infection.

Q2. Which respiratory disorder is characterized by constriction of bronchioles due to allergens?

A. Asthma
B. Emphysema
C. Silicosis
D. Bronchitis

Answer: A

Explanation:

A. Correct: Asthma involves allergic inflammation + bronchoconstriction.
B. Incorrect: Emphysema is alveolar wall damage.
C. Incorrect: Silicosis from dust inhalation.
D. Incorrect: Bronchitis = inflammation of bronchi.

Q3. Which respiratory disorder results from progressive destruction of alveolar walls?

A. Asthma
B. Bronchitis
C. Emphysema
D. Tuberculosis

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Asthma = reversible obstruction.
B. Incorrect: Bronchitis = airway inflammation.
C. Correct: Emphysema destroys alveoli, reducing surface area.
D. Incorrect: TB = infection.

Q4. Inflammation of bronchi is called:

A. Pneumonia
B. Asthma
C. Bronchitis
D. Emphysema

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Pneumonia = alveolar infection.
B. Incorrect: Asthma = allergic bronchospasm.
C. Correct: Bronchitis = inflammation of bronchi.
D. Incorrect: Emphysema = alveolar destruction.

Q5. Pneumonia primarily affects:

A. Trachea
B. Bronchioles
C. Alveoli
D. Pleura

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Not trachea.
B. Incorrect: Not bronchioles.
C. Correct: Pneumonia = alveoli fill with fluid → impaired gas exchange.
D. Incorrect: Pleura inflammation = pleurisy.

Q6. Tuberculosis is caused by:

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C. Haemophilus influenzae
D. Staphylococcus aureus

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Pneumonia cause.
B. Correct: TB caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
C. Incorrect: H. influenzae causes infections but not TB.
D. Incorrect: Staphylococcus not TB agent.

Q7. Silicosis is caused by inhalation of:

A. Asbestos
B. Silica dust
C. Coal dust
D. Tobacco smoke

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Asbestosis from asbestos.
B. Correct: Silicosis due to silica dust exposure.
C. Incorrect: Coal → pneumoconiosis.
D. Incorrect: Tobacco → lung cancer risk.

Q8. Occupational lung disease caused by asbestos is called:

A. Silicosis
B. Asbestosis
C. Emphysema
D. Asthma

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Silicosis from silica dust.
B. Correct: Asbestosis from asbestos inhalation.
C. Incorrect: Emphysema not occupational.
D. Incorrect: Asthma not occupational dust disease.

Q9. Which disorder is associated with fluid accumulation in pleural cavity?

A. Pneumothorax
B. Pleural effusion
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Bronchitis

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Pneumothorax = air in pleural cavity.
B. Correct: Pleural effusion = fluid accumulation.
C. Incorrect: Embolism = clot in pulmonary artery.
D. Incorrect: Bronchitis unrelated.

Q10. Which condition involves entry of air into pleural cavity causing lung collapse?

A. Pleural effusion
B. Pneumothorax
C. Emphysema
D. Asthma

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Fluid, not air.
B. Correct: Pneumothorax = air → lung collapse.
C. Incorrect: Emphysema = alveolar destruction.
D. Incorrect: Asthma = bronchospasm.

Q11. Which lung disorder results from blockage of pulmonary artery by clot/fat/air?

A. Pulmonary embolism
B. Asthma
C. Emphysema
D. TB

Answer: A

Explanation:

A. Correct: Pulmonary embolism = blockage in pulmonary artery.
B. Incorrect: Asthma = bronchioles constrict.
C. Incorrect: Emphysema = alveolar damage.
D. Incorrect: TB = bacterial infection.

Q12. Which of the following is a symptom of emphysema?

A. Increased surface area of alveoli
B. Shortness of breath due to reduced alveolar surface
C. Increased elasticity of lungs
D. Increased diffusion of gases

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Surface area decreases.
B. Correct: Dyspnoea due to destroyed alveoli.
C. Incorrect: Elasticity reduces.
D. Incorrect: Gas exchange decreases.

Q13. Which condition is characterized by reduced elasticity of lungs?

A. Asthma
B. Emphysema
C. Silicosis
D. Pneumonia

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Asthma = bronchospasm.
B. Correct: Emphysema reduces lung elasticity.
C. Incorrect: Silicosis = fibrosis.
D. Incorrect: Pneumonia = infection.

Q14. The “blue bloater” phenotype is associated with:

A. Asthma
B. Chronic bronchitis
C. Emphysema
D. Pneumonia

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Asthma unrelated.
B. Correct: Chronic bronchitis causes hypoxemia + cyanosis = “blue bloater”.
C. Incorrect: Emphysema = “pink puffer”.
D. Incorrect: Pneumonia different.

Q15. The “pink puffer” phenotype is associated with:

A. Asthma
B. Chronic bronchitis
C. Emphysema
D. TB

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Not asthma.
B. Incorrect: Blue bloater = bronchitis.
C. Correct: Emphysema patients hyperventilate = “pink puffer”.
D. Incorrect: TB unrelated.

Q16. Which occupational disorder is common in coal miners?

A. Asbestosis
B. Silicosis
C. Black lung disease
D. Tuberculosis

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Asbestos exposure.
B. Incorrect: Silica dust exposure.
C. Correct: Coal dust → black lung (coal workers’ pneumoconiosis).
D. Incorrect: TB not occupational.

Q17. Which condition causes respiratory alkalosis?

A. Hypoventilation
B. Hyperventilation
C. Emphysema
D. Asthma

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Hypoventilation → acidosis.
B. Correct: Hyperventilation → excessive CO₂ loss → alkalosis.
C. Incorrect: Emphysema → CO₂ retention.
D. Incorrect: Asthma → hypoventilation.

Q18. Which disorder is NOT occupational lung disease?

A. Silicosis
B. Asbestosis
C. Emphysema
D. Black lung disease

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Occupational.
B. Incorrect: Occupational.
C. Correct: Emphysema is lifestyle-related (smoking).
D. Incorrect: Occupational (coal miners).

Q19. Which symptom is most typical of asthma?

A. Productive cough
B. Wheezing
C. Weight loss
D. Coughing blood

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Bronchitis gives productive cough.
B. Correct: Asthma → wheezing due to narrowed airways.
C. Incorrect: Weight loss = TB.
D. Incorrect: Hemoptysis = TB/lung cancer.

Q20. The drug commonly used in asthma to relax bronchioles is:

A. Beta-blocker
B. Beta-2 agonist
C. Antihistamine
D. Diuretic

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Beta-blockers worsen asthma.
B. Correct: Beta-2 agonists (salbutamol) cause bronchodilation.
C. Incorrect: Antihistamines help allergies, not primary treatment.
D. Incorrect: Diuretics unrelated.

Q21. Which factor is common to both asthma and emphysema?

A. Reversible obstruction
B. Irreversible obstruction
C. Reduced alveolar surface area
D. Difficulty in breathing (dyspnoea)

Answer: D

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Asthma = reversible.
B. Incorrect: Emphysema = irreversible.
C. Incorrect: Only emphysema.
D. Correct: Dyspnoea is common in both.

Q22. Which condition is caused by sudden blockage of airflow due to an allergic reaction?

A. Asthma attack
B. Emphysema
C. Pneumothorax
D. TB

Answer: A

Explanation:

A. Correct: Asthma attack = sudden airway narrowing.
B. Incorrect: Emphysema chronic.
C. Incorrect: Pneumothorax = air in pleura.
D. Incorrect: TB is infection.

Q23. Which condition is caused by hypersensitivity of airways to allergens?

A. Asthma
B. Bronchitis
C. Emphysema
D. Pleurisy

Answer: A

Explanation:

A. Correct: Asthma = hypersensitivity reaction.
B. Incorrect: Bronchitis = infection/inflammation.
C. Incorrect: Emphysema = smoking damage.
D. Incorrect: Pleurisy = pleural inflammation.

Q24. Which disorder is associated with formation of tubercles in lungs?

A. Asthma
B. Tuberculosis
C. Emphysema
D. Silicosis

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Asthma = hypersensitivity.
B. Correct: TB = tubercles due to Mycobacterium.
C. Incorrect: Emphysema = alveolar destruction.
D. Incorrect: Silicosis = fibrosis, not tubercles.

Q25. Which statement is correct regarding COPD?

A. It includes asthma and pneumonia
B. It is reversible airway obstruction
C. It includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
D. It improves with exercise

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Pneumonia not COPD.
B. Incorrect: COPD = irreversible.
C. Correct: COPD includes chronic bronchitis + emphysema.
D. Incorrect: Exercise does not cure COPD.

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Part 8: Disorders of Respiratory System & Miscellaneous (25 MCQs)