Part 7 — Critical & Complex NEET-level Questions (Q.151–175)
Part 7 — Critical & Complex NEET-level Questions (Q.151–175)
Q151. In gymnosperms, the endosperm is formed:
A) After fertilization and diploid
B) After fertilization and triploid
C) Before fertilization and haploid
D) Before fertilization and triploid
Answer: C) Before fertilization and haploid
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Endosperm in gymnosperms is not diploid.
- B) Wrong – Triploid endosperm is an angiosperm feature.
- C) Correct – In gymnosperms, female gametophyte (haploid) acts as nutritive endosperm and develops before fertilization.
- D) Wrong – Triploid condition does not occur in gymnosperms.
Q152. Which among the following has siphonogamy but no double fertilization?
A) Pteridophytes
B) Bryophytes
C) Gymnosperms
D) Angiosperms
Answer: C) Gymnosperms
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Pteridophytes have motile sperms, not siphonogamy.
- B) Wrong – Bryophytes also have motile sperms.
- C) Correct – Gymnosperms show siphonogamy (pollen tube formation) but lack double fertilization.
- D) Wrong – Angiosperms have siphonogamy with double fertilization.
Q153. The seed of Pinus differs from that of wheat in having:
A) Polyembryony
B) Triploid endosperm
C) Fruit wall around seed
D) Cotyledons
Answer: A) Polyembryony
Explanation:
- A) Correct – Pinus often shows polyembryony; wheat does not.
- B) Wrong – Wheat has triploid endosperm; Pinus has haploid endosperm.
- C) Wrong – Pinus seeds are naked, no fruit wall.
- D) Wrong – Both seeds have cotyledons.
Q154. The dominant generation in angiosperms is:
A) Haploid gametophyte
B) Diploid sporophyte
C) Haploid protonema
D) Haploid sporophyte
Answer: B) Diploid sporophyte
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Gametophytes are highly reduced.
- B) Correct – Sporophyte (plant body) dominates in angiosperms.
- C) Wrong – Protonema belongs to moss gametophyte.
- D) Wrong – Sporophyte is diploid, not haploid.
Q155. Endosperm in angiosperms is:
A) Always consumed before seed maturation
B) Formed after fertilization, triploid
C) Haploid and pre-fertilization
D) Formed from nucellus
Answer: B) Formed after fertilization, triploid
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Not always; e.g., coconut endosperm persists.
- B) Correct – Formed by fusion of male gamete with two polar nuclei → triploid.
- C) Wrong – Haploid endosperm = gymnosperms.
- D) Wrong – Nucellus forms perisperm, not endosperm.
Q156. Which of the following plants shows a free-nuclear type of endosperm development?
A) Castor
B) Coconut
C) Maize
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation:
- A, B, C) Correct individually – Castor, Coconut, Maize → free-nuclear endosperm type.
- D) Correct – All are examples.
Q157. A major difference between gymnosperm and angiosperm xylem is:
A) Tracheids present in gymnosperms, vessels in angiosperms
B) Xylem absent in gymnosperms
C) Xylem consists only of fibers in angiosperms
D) Phloem associated with xylem only in gymnosperms
Answer: A) Tracheids present in gymnosperms, vessels in angiosperms
Explanation:
- A) Correct – Gymnosperms: tracheids only (except Gnetum), Angiosperms: vessels + tracheids.
- B) Wrong – Both have xylem.
- C) Wrong – Angiosperm xylem has vessels, not only fibers.
- D) Wrong – Both have phloem independently.
Q158. Which statement about double fertilization is wrong?
A) Involves one sperm fertilizing egg
B) Involves one sperm fusing with two polar nuclei
C) Produces diploid zygote and triploid endosperm
D) Occurs in gymnosperms and angiosperms
Answer: D) Occurs in gymnosperms and angiosperms
Explanation:
- A, B, C) Correct statements.
- D) Wrong – Double fertilization is exclusive to angiosperms.
Q159. The male gametophyte of angiosperms at maturity is represented by:
A) 2-celled pollen grain
B) 3-celled pollen grain
C) Microspore tetrad
D) Microspore mother cell
Answer: B) 3-celled pollen grain
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – 2-celled is immature pollen.
- B) Correct – Mature pollen = 2 male gametes + 1 vegetative cell.
- C, D) Wrong – Both are sporophytic stages.
Q160. Which feature makes angiosperms more successful than gymnosperms?
A) Double fertilization and endosperm formation
B) Lack of vessels
C) Naked seeds
D) Absence of companion cells
Answer: A) Double fertilization and endosperm formation
Explanation:
- A) Correct – Provides efficient nourishment and adaptability.
- B) Wrong – Angiosperms do have vessels.
- C) Wrong – Naked seeds = gymnosperms.
- D) Wrong – Angiosperms have companion cells.
Q161. Which one shows haplontic life cycle?
A) Fucus
B) Volvox
C) Pinus
D) Angiosperms
Answer: B) Volvox
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Fucus is diplontic.
- B) Correct – Volvox (green alga) → haplontic life cycle.
- C, D) Wrong – Both are diplontic.
Q162. In an angiosperm, if an ovary is bicarpellary, syncarpous and superior with axile placentation, the flower is:
A) Mustard
B) China rose
C) Sunflower
D) Papaya
Answer: B) China rose
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Mustard = superior ovary with parietal placentation.
- B) Correct – China rose shows bicarpellary syncarpous ovary, axile placentation.
- C) Wrong – Sunflower = epigynous.
- D) Wrong – Papaya = unisexual.
Q163. The perisperm is different from endosperm because it:
A) Is haploid
B) Is diploid and derived from nucellus
C) Is triploid and nutritive
D) Is always absorbed by embryo
Answer: B) Is diploid and derived from nucellus
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Haploid endosperm = gymnosperms.
- B) Correct – Perisperm = diploid remnant of nucellus.
- C) Wrong – Triploid nutritive tissue = endosperm.
- D) Wrong – Not always absorbed.
Q164. Which feature is present in both gymnosperms and angiosperms?
A) Archegonia
B) Ovules
C) Fruits
D) Double fertilization
Answer: B) Ovules
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Archegonia only in gymnosperms.
- B) Correct – Ovules in both, but enclosed only in angiosperms.
- C) Wrong – Fruits only in angiosperms.
- D) Wrong – Double fertilization only in angiosperms.
Q165. Albuminous seeds are those which:
A) Lack endosperm
B) Retain endosperm at maturity
C) Store food in cotyledons only
D) Have perisperm only
Answer: B) Retain endosperm at maturity
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Non-albuminous seeds lack endosperm.
- B) Correct – Albuminous seeds retain endosperm (e.g., maize).
- C) Wrong – That is non-albuminous (e.g., pea).
- D) Wrong – Perisperm is different tissue.
Q166. In gymnosperms, archegonia are located in:
A) Pollen grain
B) Ovule megagametophyte
C) Embryo sac
D) Cone axis
Answer: B) Ovule megagametophyte
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Male gametophyte.
- B) Correct – Female gametophyte in gymnosperms has archegonia.
- C) Wrong – Embryo sac belongs to angiosperms.
- D) Wrong – Not in cone axis.
Q167. Which is a false fruit?
A) Mango
B) Apple
C) Tomato
D) Wheat
Answer: B) Apple
Explanation:
- A, C, D) Wrong – True fruits (from ovary).
- B) Correct – Apple develops from thalamus → false fruit.
Q168. Which one of the following is polyembryonic?
A) Citrus
B) Pea
C) Mango
D) Mustard
Answer: A) Citrus
Explanation:
- A) Correct – Citrus shows nucellar polyembryony.
- B, C, D) Wrong – Not common in these.
Q169. In Pinus, the gametophyte is:
A) Dominant
B) Reduced and dependent
C) Independent and free-living
D) Absent
Answer: B) Reduced and dependent
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Sporophyte is dominant.
- B) Correct – Gametophyte is reduced and dependent on sporophyte.
- C) Wrong – Not independent.
- D) Wrong – Present but reduced.
Q170. Angiosperm seeds differ from gymnosperm seeds because they have:
A) Testa and tegmen
B) Triploid endosperm
C) Cotyledons
D) Polyembryony
Answer: B) Triploid endosperm
Explanation:
- A, C) Wrong – Present in both groups.
- B) Correct – Triploid endosperm is unique to angiosperms.
- D) Wrong – Polyembryony common in gymnosperms.
Q171. Which of the following is an example of syngamy without triple fusion?
A) Pinus
B) Maize
C) Mustard
D) Rice
Answer: A) Pinus
Explanation:
- A) Correct – Gymnosperms show only syngamy, no triple fusion.
- B, C, D) Wrong – Angiosperms show both syngamy and triple fusion.
Q172. The plant body of bryophytes is thalloid, but in angiosperms it is differentiated into:
A) Leaf only
B) Root and leaf
C) Root, stem, and leaf
D) Sporophyte and gametophyte
Answer: C) Root, stem, and leaf
Explanation:
- A, B) Wrong – Not just leaf or root + leaf.
- C) Correct – Angiosperm body is well-differentiated.
- D) Wrong – Both present but plant body = sporophyte.
Q173. The main evolutionary advantage of flowers in angiosperms is:
A) Seed dispersal
B) Efficient pollination
C) Food storage
D) Double fertilization
Answer: B) Efficient pollination
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Fruits aid in seed dispersal.
- B) Correct – Flowers specialize in attracting pollinators.
- C) Wrong – Not a primary role.
- D) Wrong – Double fertilization is consequence, not function of flowers.
Q174. If a pollen grain has three furrows (tricolpate), the plant is most likely a:
A) Monocot
B) Dicot
C) Gymnosperm
D) Bryophyte
Answer: B) Dicot
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Monocots = monosulcate pollen.
- B) Correct – Dicots = tricolpate pollen (NEET important fact).
- C, D) Wrong – Not applicable.
Q175. The haploid gametophyte in angiosperms survives for a short time because:
A) It is dependent on sporophyte
B) It lacks photosynthetic ability
C) It is enclosed in reproductive organs
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation:
- A) Correct – Fully dependent on sporophyte.
- B) Correct – Not photosynthetic.
- C) Correct – Enclosed in ovule (female) or pollen wall (male).
- D) Correct – All reasons make gametophyte short-lived.
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