Part 5 — Angiosperms: Structure, reproduction, flowers, fruits, monocot – dicot (Questions 101–125)
Part 5 — Angiosperms: Structure, Reproduction, Flowers, Fruits, Monocot/Dicot Differences (Q.101–125)
Q101. Which of the following is the defining characteristic of angiosperms?
A) Seeds are naked
B) Seeds are enclosed within fruits
C) Absence of vascular tissue
D) Reproduction by spores only
Answer: B) Seeds are enclosed within fruits
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Naked seeds are seen in gymnosperms.
- B) Correct – The most distinguishing feature of angiosperms is seeds enclosed inside fruits.
- C) Wrong – Angiosperms have well-developed vascular tissues.
- D) Wrong – Angiosperms reproduce sexually via flowers, not solely by spores.
Q102. The reproductive structures of angiosperms are:
A) Flowers
B) Cones
C) Sporophylls only
D) Gemmae
Answer: A) Flowers
Explanation:
- A) Correct – Flowers are the characteristic reproductive structures of angiosperms.
- B) Wrong – Cones are found in gymnosperms.
- C) Wrong – Sporophylls occur in pteridophytes.
- D) Wrong – Gemmae are vegetative reproductive bodies in bryophytes.
Q103. In angiosperms, double fertilization results in:
A) Diploid zygote and diploid endosperm
B) Diploid zygote and triploid endosperm
C) Haploid zygote and diploid endosperm
D) Triploid zygote and haploid endosperm
Answer: B) Diploid zygote and triploid endosperm
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Endosperm is not diploid.
- B) Correct – One male gamete fuses with egg (zygote, diploid) and another with two polar nuclei (endosperm, triploid).
- C, D) Wrong – Zygote is never haploid or triploid.
Q104. Which part of the flower develops into fruit?
A) Ovule
B) Ovary
C) Style
D) Sepal
Answer: B) Ovary
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Ovule develops into seed.
- B) Correct – Ovary transforms into fruit.
- C) Wrong – Style withers after fertilization.
- D) Wrong – Sepals may persist but don’t form fruit.
Q105. In dicot stems, vascular bundles are:
A) Scattered and closed
B) Radial and open
C) Arranged in a ring and open
D) Scattered and open
Answer: C) Arranged in a ring and open
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – This is seen in monocot stems.
- B) Wrong – Radial bundles are in roots.
- C) Correct – Dicot stems have ring-arranged open bundles allowing secondary growth.
- D) Wrong – Not found in any angiosperm stem.
Q106. Parallel venation is characteristic of:
A) Dicots
B) Monocots
C) Gymnosperms
D) Bryophytes
Answer: B) Monocots
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Dicots usually have reticulate venation.
- B) Correct – Monocot leaves like grasses show parallel venation.
- C) Wrong – Gymnosperms don’t show this feature.
- D) Wrong – Bryophytes lack true leaves with venation.
Q107. In angiosperm flowers, the male reproductive organ is called:
A) Carpel
B) Pistil
C) Stamen
D) Ovule
Answer: C) Stamen
Explanation:
- A, B) Wrong – Both refer to female reproductive structures.
- C) Correct – Stamen consists of filament and anther, producing pollen.
- D) Wrong – Ovule is the female gametophyte-bearing structure.
Q108. Which of the following fruits is a drupe?
A) Mango
B) Wheat
C) Mustard
D) Pea
Answer: A) Mango
Explanation:
- A) Correct – Mango is a drupe with fleshy mesocarp and stony endocarp.
- B) Wrong – Wheat produces caryopsis.
- C) Wrong – Mustard produces siliqua.
- D) Wrong – Pea produces legume.
Q109. Endosperm in angiosperms is:
A) Haploid
B) Diploid
C) Triploid
D) Polyploid always
Answer: C) Triploid
Explanation:
- A, B) Wrong – Not haploid or diploid.
- C) Correct – Result of triple fusion (secondary nucleus + male gamete).
- D) Wrong – Not always polyploid.
Q110. In dicot roots, xylem and phloem are arranged in:
A) Ring
B) Radial manner
C) Concentric bundles
D) Scattered bundles
Answer: B) Radial manner
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Ring arrangement is in stems.
- B) Correct – Xylem and phloem alternate in a radial pattern.
- C) Wrong – Concentric occurs in some other plants, not typical dicots.
- D) Wrong – Scattered bundles belong to monocot stems.
Q111. Pollination by wind is termed:
A) Entomophily
B) Anemophily
C) Hydrophily
D) Ornithophily
Answer: B) Anemophily
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Entomophily = by insects.
- B) Correct – Anemophily = by wind.
- C) Wrong – Hydrophily = by water.
- D) Wrong – Ornithophily = by birds.
Q112. The perisperm of a seed is derived from:
A) Integuments
B) Nucellus
C) Endosperm
D) Embryo
Answer: B) Nucellus
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Integuments form seed coat.
- B) Correct – Perisperm is the persistent nucellus.
- C) Wrong – Endosperm is different nutritive tissue.
- D) Wrong – Embryo gives rise to new plant.
Q113. In angiosperm ovules, the micropyle is:
A) Point of attachment of funicle
B) Opening through integuments
C) Chalazal end
D) The nucellus
Answer: B) Opening through integuments
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Hilum is attachment point.
- B) Correct – Micropyle is the opening for pollen tube entry.
- C) Wrong – Chalaza is opposite micropyle.
- D) Wrong – Nucellus is nutritive tissue.
Q114. In monocot stems, vascular bundles are:
A) Arranged in a ring and open
B) Scattered and closed
C) Radial and open
D) Concentric and collateral
Answer: B) Scattered and closed
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Seen in dicots.
- B) Correct – Monocot stems (e.g., maize) show scattered, closed bundles.
- C) Wrong – Radial arrangement in roots.
- D) Wrong – Not characteristic of monocots.
Q115. The term ‘synergids’ refers to:
A) Accessory cells in male gametophyte
B) Cells near antipodals in embryo sac
C) Two cells flanking egg cell in embryo sac
D) Degenerating nuclei
Answer: C) Two cells flanking egg cell in embryo sac
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Male gametophyte has vegetative + generative cells.
- B) Wrong – Antipodals are at chalazal end.
- C) Correct – Synergids guide pollen tube to egg.
- D) Wrong – Not degenerating nuclei.
Q116. Which of the following is an example of unisexual flower?
A) Hibiscus
B) Mustard
C) Papaya
D) Sunflower
Answer: C) Papaya
Explanation:
- A, B, D) Wrong – These are bisexual flowers.
- C) Correct – Papaya produces male and female flowers separately.
Q117. In dicot leaves, venation is usually:
A) Parallel
B) Reticulate
C) Circular
D) None
Answer: B) Reticulate
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Parallel venation = monocots.
- B) Correct – Reticulate venation = dicots.
- C, D) Wrong – Not applicable.
Q118. In angiosperms, ovules are attached to ovary wall by:
A) Funicle
B) Micropyle
C) Hilum
D) Placenta
Answer: D) Placenta
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Funicle is stalk of ovule.
- B) Wrong – Micropyle is opening.
- C) Wrong – Hilum is scar where funicle attaches.
- D) Correct – Placenta bears ovules inside ovary.
Q119. The cotyledons in monocots are:
A) Two
B) One
C) Many
D) Absent
Answer: B) One
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Dicots have two cotyledons.
- B) Correct – Monocots have single cotyledon (scutellum in grasses).
- C, D) Wrong – Not many or absent.
Q120. Which of the following is not a type of placentation in angiosperms?
A) Marginal
B) Axile
C) Parietal
D) Coniferous
Answer: D) Coniferous
Explanation:
- A, B, C) Correct placentation types.
- D) Wrong – Coniferous is unrelated, belongs to gymnosperms.
Q121. The ovary is superior in which type of flower?
A) Hypogynous
B) Epigynous
C) Perigynous
D) All the above
Answer: A) Hypogynous
Explanation:
- A) Correct – In hypogynous flowers, ovary is above all floral parts.
- B) Wrong – Epigynous = inferior ovary.
- C) Wrong – Perigynous = half-inferior ovary.
- D) Wrong – Not in all.
Q122. Which of the following is an aggregate fruit?
A) Apple
B) Mango
C) Strawberry
D) Banana
Answer: C) Strawberry
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Apple is a false fruit.
- B) Wrong – Mango is drupe.
- C) Correct – Strawberry forms from multiple ovaries of one flower.
- D) Wrong – Banana is parthenocarpic berry.
Q123. The embryo sac of angiosperms is typically:
A) 7-celled, 8-nucleate
B) 8-celled, 7-nucleate
C) 6-celled, 8-nucleate
D) 8-celled, 8-nucleate
Answer: A) 7-celled, 8-nucleate
Explanation:
- A) Correct – 1 egg + 2 synergids + 3 antipodals + 2 polar nuclei (form central cell).
- B, C, D) Wrong – Do not match standard Polygonum type.
Q124. In angiosperms, which tissue provides nutrition to the developing embryo?
A) Endosperm
B) Nucellus
C) Integuments
D) Perisperm
Answer: A) Endosperm
Explanation:
- A) Correct – Triploid endosperm nourishes embryo.
- B) Wrong – Nucellus degenerates.
- C) Wrong – Integuments form seed coat.
- D) Wrong – Perisperm is residual tissue, not main source.
Q125. The first cell of the sporophytic generation in angiosperms is:
A) Egg cell
B) Zygote
C) Embryo
D) Spore
Answer: B) Zygote
Explanation:
- A) Wrong – Egg cell is haploid gamete.
- B) Correct – Zygote (diploid) is the beginning of sporophyte.
- C) Wrong – Embryo is later stage of sporophyte.
- D) Wrong – Spore is haploid, gametophytic stage.
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