Part 5: Pancreas and Gonads – Islets of Langerhans, Insulin, Glucagon, Sex Hormones
Part 5 (25 MCQs) on Pancreas and Gonads – Islets of Langerhans, Insulin, Glucagon, Sex Hormones from Chapter 22: Chemical Coordination and Integration (NCERT Class 11 + NEET UG).
Part 5: Pancreas and Gonads – Islets of Langerhans, Insulin, Glucagon, Sex Hormones
Q1. The endocrine part of pancreas is called:
a) Acini
b) Islets of Langerhans
c) Zona glomerulosa
d) Medulla
Answer: b) Islets of Langerhans
- ✅ Islets = endocrine cells secreting insulin, glucagon, somatostatin.
Q2. Beta cells of pancreas secrete:
a) Glucagon
b) Insulin
c) Somatostatin
d) Pancreatic juice
Answer: b) Insulin
- ✅ β-cells → insulin → lowers blood glucose.
Q3. Alpha cells of pancreas secrete:
a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) Somatostatin
d) Amylase
Answer: b) Glucagon
- ✅ α-cells → glucagon → raises blood glucose.
Q4. Which hormone lowers blood glucose level?
a) Glucagon
b) Insulin
c) Cortisol
d) Adrenaline
Answer: b) Insulin
- ✅ Insulin → glucose uptake, glycogen formation.
Q5. Which hormone raises blood glucose level?
a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) ADH
d) Thyroxine
Answer: b) Glucagon
- ✅ Glucagon → glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis.
Q6. Diabetes mellitus is caused by deficiency of:
a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) Cortisol
d) GH
Answer: a) Insulin
- ✅ Low insulin → hyperglycemia, glucosuria.
Q7. Diabetes insipidus is due to deficiency of:
a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) ADH
d) Aldosterone
Answer: c) ADH
- ✅ Diabetes insipidus → ADH deficiency, polyuria.
Q8. Which hormone is antagonistic to insulin?
a) Cortisol
b) Glucagon
c) Thyroxine
d) Estrogen
Answer: b) Glucagon
- ✅ Glucagon increases blood sugar, opposite to insulin.
Q9. Somatostatin secreted by pancreas functions as:
a) Stimulates insulin
b) Inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion
c) Stimulates glucagon
d) Increases glucose uptake
Answer: b) Inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion
- ✅ δ-cells secrete somatostatin → inhibitory role.
Q10. Which condition results from hyposecretion of insulin?
a) Hypoglycemia
b) Diabetes mellitus
c) Cretinism
d) Addison’s disease
Answer: b) Diabetes mellitus
- ✅ Insufficient insulin → high blood sugar.
Q11. Hypoglycemia is caused by:
a) Excess insulin
b) Insulin deficiency
c) Glucagon deficiency
d) Thyroxine deficiency
Answer: a) Excess insulin
- ✅ Too much insulin → low blood glucose (hypoglycemia).
Q12. In diabetes mellitus, glucose appears in urine because:
a) Kidneys over-filter glucose
b) Blood glucose exceeds renal threshold
c) Glucagon deficiency
d) Kidneys secrete glucose actively
Answer: b) Blood glucose exceeds renal threshold
- ✅ Hyperglycemia → renal threshold exceeded → glucosuria.
Q13. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of diabetes mellitus?
a) Polyuria
b) Polydipsia
c) Polyphagia
d) Goiter
Answer: d) Goiter
- ✅ Goiter → thyroid disorder, not diabetes.
Q14. Gonads are:
a) Pituitary and thyroid
b) Testes and ovaries
c) Pancreas and adrenals
d) Thymus and pineal
Answer: b) Testes and ovaries
- ✅ Gonads produce gametes and sex hormones.
Q15. Testes secrete:
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) Testosterone
d) Prolactin
Answer: c) Testosterone
- ✅ Testosterone → secondary male characters, spermatogenesis.
Q16. Leydig cells in testes secrete:
a) Progesterone
b) Testosterone
c) Estrogen
d) LH
Answer: b) Testosterone
- ✅ Leydig cells produce testosterone under LH.
Q17. Sertoli cells in testes are stimulated by:
a) LH
b) FSH
c) Prolactin
d) ACTH
Answer: b) FSH
- ✅ Sertoli cells support spermatogenesis → stimulated by FSH.
Q18. Ovaries secrete:
a) Estrogen and progesterone
b) Testosterone and LH
c) Insulin and glucagon
d) Oxytocin
Answer: a) Estrogen and progesterone
- ✅ Ovaries produce female sex hormones.
Q19. Estrogen is secreted by:
a) Follicle cells of ovary
b) Corpus luteum
c) Leydig cells
d) Pineal gland
Answer: a) Follicle cells of ovary
- ✅ Follicular cells → estrogen → female traits, uterine growth.
Q20. Progesterone is secreted mainly by:
a) Follicular cells
b) Corpus luteum
c) Leydig cells
d) Adrenal cortex
Answer: b) Corpus luteum
- ✅ Corpus luteum → progesterone → maintains pregnancy.
Q21. Which hormone prepares uterus for implantation?
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) FSH
d) LH
Answer: b) Progesterone
- ✅ Progesterone maintains endometrium for implantation.
Q22. Which hormone causes development of female secondary sex characters?
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) FSH
d) Oxytocin
Answer: a) Estrogen
- ✅ Estrogen controls female secondary traits.
Q23. Which hormone maintains pregnancy?
a) FSH
b) LH
c) Estrogen
d) Progesterone
Answer: d) Progesterone
- ✅ Progesterone = “pregnancy hormone.”
Q24. Menopause is caused by decline in:
a) Estrogen and progesterone
b) LH and FSH
c) Insulin and glucagon
d) Cortisol and aldosterone
Answer: a) Estrogen and progesterone
- ✅ Low estrogen & progesterone cause menopause.
Q25. Which hormone stimulates spermatogenesis in testes?
a) FSH
b) LH
c) Testosterone
d) Both a and c
Answer: d) Both a and c
- ✅ FSH stimulates Sertoli cells; testosterone supports spermatogenesis.
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