Part 6: Regulation of Digestion (25 MCQs)

Q1. Which of the following hormones stimulates gastric secretion?

A. Secretin
B. Gastrin
C. CCK (Cholecystokinin)
D. Enterogastrone

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Secretin stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate.
B. Correct: Gastrin stimulates gastric glands to secrete HCl and pepsinogen.
C. Incorrect: CCK stimulates pancreas and gallbladder.
D. Incorrect: Enterogastrone inhibits gastric secretion.

Q2. Secretin is secreted by:

A. Stomach mucosa
B. Duodenal mucosa
C. Liver
D. Pancreas

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Stomach secretes gastrin.
B. Correct: Duodenal mucosa secretes secretin when acidic chyme enters.
C. Incorrect: Liver makes bile, not hormones.
D. Incorrect: Pancreas secretes enzymes, not secretin.

Q3. Which hormone stimulates contraction of the gallbladder?

A. Secretin
B. Gastrin
C. CCK (Cholecystokinin)
D. Somatostatin

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Secretin does not contract gallbladder.
B. Incorrect: Gastrin stimulates gastric secretion.
C. Correct: CCK causes gallbladder contraction and bile release.
D. Incorrect: Somatostatin inhibits secretions.

Q4. Enterogastrone hormone is secreted by:

A. Gastric glands
B. Intestinal epithelium
C. Pancreas
D. Liver

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Gastric glands secrete HCl, pepsinogen.
B. Correct: Intestinal mucosa secretes enterogastrone to inhibit gastric motility and secretion.
C. Incorrect: Pancreas secretes enzymes.
D. Incorrect: Liver secretes bile.

Q5. Which nerve primarily controls gastric secretion and motility?

A. Phrenic nerve
B. Vagus nerve
C. Sciatic nerve
D. Glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Phrenic nerve controls diaphragm.
B. Correct: Parasympathetic vagus nerve stimulates gastric secretion and motility.
C. Incorrect: Sciatic nerve is in the leg.
D. Incorrect: Glossopharyngeal nerve aids swallowing, not gastric control.

Q6. Which hormone stimulates secretion of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice?

A. Secretin
B. Gastrin
C. CCK (Cholecystokinin)
D. Enterogastrone

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Secretin stimulates bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice.
B. Incorrect: Gastrin acts on stomach.
C. Correct: CCK stimulates enzyme-rich pancreatic juice.
D. Incorrect: Enterogastrone inhibits gastric function.

Q7. Gastric secretion is maximum during which phase?

A. Cephalic phase
B. Gastric phase
C. Intestinal phase
D. Post-absorptive phase

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Cephalic phase stimulates but less than gastric phase.
B. Correct: Gastric phase (food in stomach) produces maximum secretion.
C. Incorrect: Intestinal phase inhibits gastric secretion.
D. Incorrect: Post-absorptive phase is after digestion.

Q8. The enteric nervous system controlling digestion is often called:

A. Peripheral brain
B. Second brain
C. Spinal brain
D. Somatic brain

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Not a standard term.
B. Correct: The enteric nervous system is nicknamed the “second brain” for autonomous digestion control.
C. Incorrect: Not spinal brain.
D. Incorrect: Somatic nervous system controls voluntary actions.

Q9. Which of the following hormones inhibits gastric secretion?

A. Gastrin
B. Secretin
C. CCK
D. Both B and C

Answer: D

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Gastrin stimulates gastric secretion.
B. Correct: Secretin inhibits gastric acid secretion.
C. Correct: CCK also inhibits gastric emptying.
D. Correct answer: Both Secretin and CCK inhibit gastric secretion.

Q10. Which of the following is NOT a gastrointestinal hormone?

A. Gastrin
B. Secretin
C. Insulin
D. CCK

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Correct GI hormone.
B. Correct GI hormone.
C. Correct answer: Insulin is secreted by pancreas but not a GI hormone.
D. Correct GI hormone.

Q11. The release of secretin is stimulated by:

A. Presence of proteins in stomach
B. Acidic chyme in duodenum
C. Presence of fats in jejunum
D. Distension of ileum

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Proteins stimulate gastrin.
B. Correct: Acidic chyme stimulates secretin release.
C. Incorrect: Fats stimulate CCK.
D. Incorrect: Ileum distension does not release secretin.

Q12. Which hormone is known as “hunger hormone”?

A. Leptin
B. Ghrelin
C. CCK
D. Secretin

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Leptin is satiety hormone.
B. Correct: Ghrelin, secreted by stomach, stimulates appetite.
C. Incorrect: CCK induces satiety.
D. Incorrect: Secretin regulates pancreatic secretion.

Q13. Gastrin is secreted by:

A. Chief cells of stomach
B. G-cells of stomach antrum
C. Parietal cells of stomach
D. D-cells of pancreas

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Chief cells secrete pepsinogen.
B. Correct: Gastrin is secreted by G-cells in pyloric antrum.
C. Incorrect: Parietal cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor.
D. Incorrect: D-cells secrete somatostatin.

Q14. Which hormone stimulates secretion of gastric hydrochloric acid?

A. Gastrin
B. Secretin
C. Somatostatin
D. CCK

Answer: A

Explanation:

A. Correct: Gastrin stimulates HCl secretion.
B. Incorrect: Secretin reduces gastric acid.
C. Incorrect: Somatostatin inhibits gastric secretion.
D. Incorrect: CCK affects pancreas and gallbladder, not HCl.

Q15. Which plexus controls gastrointestinal motility?

A. Auerbach’s plexus
B. Meissner’s plexus
C. Cardiac plexus
D. Hypogastric plexus

Answer: A

Explanation:

A. Correct: Auerbach’s (myenteric) plexus regulates motility.
B. Incorrect: Meissner’s plexus regulates secretion.
C. Incorrect: Cardiac plexus regulates heart.
D. Incorrect: Hypogastric plexus is pelvic.

Q16. The main effect of CCK on stomach is:

A. Increased gastric motility
B. Inhibition of gastric emptying
C. Increased gastric acid secretion
D. Activation of pepsinogen

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: CCK reduces, not increases, gastric motility.
B. Correct: CCK slows gastric emptying.
C. Incorrect: It reduces gastric acid secretion.
D. Incorrect: Pepsinogen activation is by HCl.

Q17. Somatostatin acts by:

A. Stimulating gastric secretion
B. Inhibiting release of GI hormones
C. Increasing bile secretion
D. Stimulating pancreatic enzymes

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: It inhibits, not stimulates, gastric secretion.
B. Correct: Somatostatin suppresses gastrin, secretin, and CCK release.
C. Incorrect: It does not stimulate bile.
D. Incorrect: It inhibits pancreatic secretion.

Q18. Vagus nerve stimulation causes:

A. Decrease in gastric secretion
B. Increase in gastric secretion
C. No effect on gastric secretion
D. Only intestinal secretion

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: It increases, not decreases secretion.
B. Correct: Vagus nerve stimulates gastric glands.
C. Incorrect: Effect is strong.
D. Incorrect: It primarily acts on stomach.

Q19. Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) mainly acts to:

A. Increase gastric motility
B. Decrease gastric secretion and stimulate insulin release
C. Stimulate gastric acid secretion
D. Stimulate bile secretion

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: GIP inhibits motility.
B. Correct: GIP inhibits gastric functions and promotes insulin secretion.
C. Incorrect: Gastrin stimulates acid secretion.
D. Incorrect: Secretin/CCK stimulate bile.

Q20. Which of the following hormones induces satiety (feeling of fullness)?

A. Ghrelin
B. Leptin
C. Gastrin
D. Insulin

Answer: B

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Ghrelin stimulates hunger.
B. Correct: Leptin from adipose tissue induces satiety.
C. Incorrect: Gastrin regulates gastric juice, not satiety.
D. Incorrect: Insulin regulates glucose, not satiety directly.

Q21. Which hormone stimulates release of pepsinogen and HCl?

A. Gastrin
B. Secretin
C. Enterogastrone
D. CCK

Answer: A

Explanation:

A. Correct: Gastrin stimulates gastric glands.
B. Incorrect: Secretin inhibits gastric secretion.
C. Incorrect: Enterogastrone inhibits.
D. Incorrect: CCK acts on pancreas and gallbladder.

Q22. Which of the following is released when fatty food enters duodenum?

A. Gastrin
B. Secretin
C. CCK
D. Ghrelin

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Gastrin is not stimulated by fats.
B. Incorrect: Secretin is stimulated by acid.
C. Correct: Fats stimulate CCK release.
D. Incorrect: Ghrelin stimulates hunger, not digestion.

Q23. Which gastric secretion phase is stimulated by the sight and smell of food?

A. Cephalic phase
B. Gastric phase
C. Intestinal phase
D. Absorptive phase

Answer: A

Explanation:

A. Correct: Cephalic phase begins with sight/smell of food via vagus nerve.
B. Incorrect: Gastric phase begins after food enters stomach.
C. Incorrect: Intestinal phase occurs in duodenum.
D. Incorrect: Absorptive phase occurs after digestion.

Q24. Which hormone inhibits secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile?

A. Gastrin
B. Secretin
C. Somatostatin
D. CCK

Answer: C

Explanation:

A. Incorrect: Gastrin stimulates stomach.
B. Incorrect: Secretin stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate.
C. Correct: Somatostatin inhibits pancreatic and bile secretion.
D. Incorrect: CCK stimulates both.

Q25. Which of the following GI hormones stimulates insulin secretion in response to food?

A. GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide)
B. Secretin
C. Gastrin
D. Somatostatin

Answer: A

Explanation:

A. Correct: GIP stimulates insulin secretion (incretin effect).
B. Incorrect: Secretin stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate.
C. Incorrect: Gastrin regulates HCl, not insulin.
D. Incorrect: Somatostatin inhibits secretions.

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Part 6: Regulation of Digestion (25 MCQs)