Part 7: Disorders of the Excretory System

Part 7 (25 MCQs) from Disorders of the Excretory System – Uremia, Renal Failure, Kidney Stones, etc. of Chapter 19: Excretory Products and Their Elimination (Class 11 NCERT + NEET UG level).

Part 7: Disorders of the Excretory System

Q1. Accumulation of urea in the blood is called:

a) Glycosuria
b) Uremia
c) Hematuria
d) Albuminuria

Answer: b) Uremia

Explanation:

• (a) Glycosuria – glucose in urine.
• ✅ (b) Uremia – toxic condition due to urea buildup.
• (c) Hematuria – blood in urine.
• (d) Albuminuria – protein in urine.

Q2. Which condition is characterized by absence of urine formation?

a) Polyuria
b) Oliguria
c) Anuria
d) Dysuria

Answer: c) Anuria

Explanation:

• (a) Polyuria – excessive urine.
• (b) Oliguria – reduced urine output.
• ✅ (c) Anuria – no urine.
• (d) Dysuria – painful urination.

Q3. Kidney stones are also known as:

a) Nephritis
b) Nephrolithiasis
c) Uremia
d) Pyelitis

Answer: b) Nephrolithiasis

Explanation:

• (a) Nephritis – kidney inflammation.
• ✅ (b) Nephrolithiasis – stones in kidney.
• (c) Uremia – urea in blood.
• (d) Pyelitis – infection of renal pelvis.

Q4. The most common substance in kidney stones is:

a) Uric acid
b) Calcium oxalate
c) Sodium chloride
d) Ammonium carbonate

Answer: b) Calcium oxalate

Explanation:

• (a) Uric acid – less common.
• ✅ (b) Calcium oxalate – majority of stones.
• (c), (d) – rare.

Q5. Which disease is treated by dialysis?

a) Hypertension
b) Diabetes insipidus
c) Renal failure
d) Gallstones

Answer: c) Renal failure

Explanation:

• (a) Hypertension – drugs.
• (b) Diabetes insipidus – ADH-related.
• ✅ (c) Renal failure – dialysis used.
• (d) Gallstones – surgery.

Q6. Which condition shows presence of proteins in urine?

a) Albuminuria
b) Hematuria
c) Glycosuria
d) Uremia

Answer: a) Albuminuria

Explanation:

• ✅ (a) Albuminuria – protein leak due to glomerular damage.
• (b) Hematuria – blood in urine.
• (c) Glycosuria – glucose in urine.
• (d) Uremia – urea in blood.

Q7. What is polyuria?

a) Painful urination
b) Excessive urination
c) Absence of urine
d) Protein in urine

Answer: b) Excessive urination

Explanation:

• (a) Dysuria = painful urination.
• ✅ (b) Polyuria = frequent urination.
• (c) Anuria = absence.
• (d) Albuminuria = protein.

Q8. Which disorder may result from prolonged, untreated diabetes mellitus?

a) Nephropathy
b) Kidney stone
c) Gall bladder stone
d) Polycythemia

Answer: a) Nephropathy

Explanation:

• ✅ (a) Diabetic nephropathy – damage to kidneys.
• (b) Stones – not directly.
• (c), (d) – unrelated.

Q9. Hematuria refers to:

a) Glucose in urine
b) Blood in urine
c) Protein in urine
d) Ketones in urine

Answer: b) Blood in urine

Explanation:

• (a) Glycosuria – glucose.
• ✅ (b) Hematuria – blood present.
• (c) Albuminuria – protein.
• (d) Ketonuria – ketones.

Q10. Which condition involves inflammation of the kidneys?

a) Nephritis
b) Nephrosis
c) Nephrolithiasis
d) Anuria

Answer: a) Nephritis

Explanation:

• ✅ (a) Nephritis – inflammation of nephrons/kidney.
• (b) Nephrosis – degenerative kidney disease.
• (c) Nephrolithiasis – stones.
• (d) Anuria – no urine.

Q11. In severe kidney failure, which toxic substance accumulates?

a) Bilirubin
b) Urea
c) Creatinine
d) Both b and c

Answer: d) Both b and c

Explanation:

• ✅ (d) Urea + creatinine build up in blood.
• (a) Bilirubin – liver issue.

Q12. Gout is associated with accumulation of:

a) Urea
b) Uric acid
c) Creatinine
d) Ammonia

Answer: b) Uric acid

Explanation:

• ✅ (b) Gout = uric acid crystals in joints.

Q13. Kidney transplant involves replacing:

a) Ureter
b) Nephrons only
c) Entire kidney
d) Bladder

Answer: c) Entire kidney

Explanation:

• ✅ (c) A donor kidney replaces damaged kidney.

Q14. Which dialysis is commonly used in hospitals?

a) Peritoneal dialysis
b) Hemodialysis
c) Natural dialysis
d) Plasma exchange

Answer: b) Hemodialysis

Explanation:

• ✅ (b) Hemodialysis – blood filtered artificially.

Q15. Which dialysis uses peritoneum as filter?

a) Hemodialysis
b) Peritoneal dialysis
c) Natural dialysis
d) Artificial dialysis

Answer: b) Peritoneal dialysis

Explanation:

• ✅ (b) Peritoneal dialysis uses peritoneum membrane.

Q16. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of kidney failure?

a) Edema
b) Hypertension
c) Polycythemia
d) Uremia

Answer: c) Polycythemia

Explanation:

• (a), (b), (d) – all symptoms.
• ✅ (c) Polycythemia – excess RBC, not kidney failure.

Q17. In renal failure, erythropoietin secretion decreases, leading to:

a) Polycythemia
b) Anemia
c) Leukemia
d) Jaundice

Answer: b) Anemia

Explanation:

• ✅ (b) Less erythropoietin → less RBCs → anemia.

Q18. Which condition leads to accumulation of ketone bodies in urine?

a) Glycosuria
b) Hematuria
c) Ketonuria
d) Uremia

Answer: c) Ketonuria

Explanation:

• ✅ (c) Ketonuria in diabetes/uncontrolled fasting.

Q19. Which hormone deficiency causes diabetes insipidus?

a) Insulin
b) ADH
c) Aldosterone
d) Cortisol

Answer: b) ADH

Explanation:

• ✅ (b) Lack of ADH → dilute urine.

Q20. Which disorder is associated with painful urination?

a) Dysuria
b) Polyuria
c) Oliguria
d) Anuria

Answer: a) Dysuria

Explanation:

• ✅ (a) Dysuria = pain during urination.

Q21. Which is the earliest symptom of chronic kidney failure?

a) Albuminuria
b) Polyuria
c) Hematuria
d) Anuria

Answer: a) Albuminuria

Explanation:

• ✅ (a) Protein leakage is early sign.

Q22. Uremia can be temporarily managed by:

a) Insulin
b) Hemodialysis
c) Surgery
d) Chemotherapy

Answer: b) Hemodialysis

Explanation:

• ✅ (b) Dialysis removes urea temporarily.

Q23. Presence of excess uric acid in blood is called:

a) Hyperuricemia
b) Uremia
c) Hyperglycemia
d) Hyperbilirubinemia

Answer: a) Hyperuricemia

Explanation:

• ✅ (a) High uric acid → gout.

Q24. Which condition shows presence of pus in urine?

a) Pyuria
b) Hematuria
c) Glycosuria
d) Dysuria

Answer: a) Pyuria

Explanation:

• ✅ (a) Pyuria – pus due to infection.

Q25. Which is a congenital disorder of kidneys?

a) Polycystic kidney disease
b) Uremia
c) Kidney stones
d) Nephritis

Answer: a) Polycystic kidney disease

Explanation:

• ✅ (a) Polycystic kidney disease – genetic condition with fluid-filled cysts.

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