Part 4: Thymus and Adrenal Glands – Cortex, Medulla, Hormones, Disorders
Part 4 (25 MCQs) on Thymus and Adrenal Glands – Cortex, Medulla, Hormones, Disorders from Chapter 22: Chemical Coordination and Integration (NCERT Class 11 + NEET UG).
Part 4: Thymus and Adrenal Glands – Cortex, Medulla, Hormones, Disorders
Q1. The thymus gland is mainly concerned with:
a) Digestion
b) Immunity
c) Respiration
d) Excretion
Answer: b) Immunity
- ✅ Thymus produces thymosin, helps in T-cell maturation.
Q2. Thymosin is secreted by:
a) Pineal gland
b) Thymus gland
c) Thyroid gland
d) Adrenal cortex
Answer: b) Thymus gland
- ✅ Thymus secretes thymosin → development of T-lymphocytes.
Q3. Which gland degenerates after puberty?
a) Thyroid
b) Thymus
c) Pineal
d) Adrenal
Answer: b) Thymus
- ✅ Thymus shrinks after puberty but remains active at low level.
Q4. Adrenal glands are located:
a) Inside the brain
b) On top of kidneys
c) Near pancreas
d) At neck
Answer: b) On top of kidneys
- ✅ Adrenal glands sit above kidneys.
Q5. Adrenal cortex secretes:
a) Cortisol, aldosterone, androgens
b) Adrenaline and noradrenaline
c) Insulin and glucagon
d) Thyroxine
Answer: a) Cortisol, aldosterone, androgens
- ✅ Cortex secretes steroid hormones.
Q6. Adrenal medulla secretes:
a) Cortisol
b) Adrenaline and noradrenaline
c) Aldosterone
d) Estrogen
Answer: b) Adrenaline and noradrenaline
- ✅ Medulla secretes catecholamines → emergency hormones.
Q7. “Fight or flight” hormones are:
a) Cortisol and aldosterone
b) Adrenaline and noradrenaline
c) Insulin and glucagon
d) Thyroxine and calcitonin
Answer: b) Adrenaline and noradrenaline
- ✅ Catecholamines prepare body for emergencies.
Q8. Which is known as “emergency hormone”?
a) Insulin
b) Cortisol
c) Adrenaline
d) Thyroxine
Answer: c) Adrenaline
- ✅ Adrenaline increases heart rate, blood flow, energy.
Q9. Mineralocorticoids are secreted by:
a) Zona glomerulosa
b) Zona fasciculata
c) Zona reticularis
d) Medulla
Answer: a) Zona glomerulosa
- ✅ Aldosterone → Na⁺ retention, K⁺ excretion.
Q10. Glucocorticoids are secreted by:
a) Zona fasciculata
b) Zona glomerulosa
c) Medulla
d) Thymus
Answer: a) Zona fasciculata
- ✅ Cortisol regulates carbohydrate metabolism and stress.
Q11. Androgens are secreted by:
a) Zona reticularis of adrenal cortex
b) Thyroid gland
c) Pancreas
d) Adrenal medulla
Answer: a) Zona reticularis of adrenal cortex
- ✅ Weak androgens secreted by adrenal cortex.
Q12. Aldosterone is responsible for:
a) Increasing blood sugar
b) Increasing Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ excretion
c) Protein breakdown
d) Calcium metabolism
Answer: b) Increasing Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ excretion
- ✅ Aldosterone regulates electrolytes and water balance.
Q13. Cortisol function is:
a) Carbohydrate metabolism, anti-stress hormone
b) Na⁺ reabsorption
c) Emergency response
d) Milk secretion
Answer: a) Carbohydrate metabolism, anti-stress hormone
- ✅ Cortisol maintains blood sugar during stress.
Q14. Which disorder is caused by hyposecretion of adrenal cortex?
a) Addison’s disease
b) Cushing’s syndrome
c) Diabetes insipidus
d) Goiter
Answer: a) Addison’s disease
- ✅ Addison’s = low cortisol & aldosterone → low BP, weakness.
Q15. Which disorder is caused by hypersecretion of cortisol?
a) Addison’s disease
b) Cushing’s syndrome
c) Acromegaly
d) Myxedema
Answer: b) Cushing’s syndrome
- ✅ Cushing’s = high cortisol → moon face, buffalo hump, obesity.
Q16. Hypersecretion of adrenal medulla causes:
a) Hypertension
b) Diabetes
c) Tetany
d) Myxedema
Answer: a) Hypertension
- ✅ Excess adrenaline increases blood pressure.
Q17. Which adrenal hormone regulates stress response?
a) Cortisol
b) Insulin
c) Prolactin
d) Melatonin
Answer: a) Cortisol
- ✅ Cortisol = “stress hormone.”
Q18. Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of:
a) Adrenal medulla
b) Adrenal cortex
c) Pituitary
d) Thyroid
Answer: a) Adrenal medulla
- ✅ Tumor causes excess catecholamines → high BP.
Q19. Which adrenal hormone increases gluconeogenesis?
a) Aldosterone
b) Cortisol
c) Adrenaline
d) Calcitonin
Answer: b) Cortisol
- ✅ Cortisol increases glucose production from proteins/fats.
Q20. Which adrenal hormone is most important for long-term stress response?
a) Adrenaline
b) Noradrenaline
c) Cortisol
d) Insulin
Answer: c) Cortisol
- ✅ Adrenaline = immediate, cortisol = prolonged stress.
Q21. Which adrenal disorder causes bronze pigmentation of skin?
a) Cushing’s syndrome
b) Addison’s disease
c) Acromegaly
d) Hypothyroidism
Answer: b) Addison’s disease
- ✅ Addison’s = hyperpigmentation due to ACTH cross-reactivity.
Q22. Which zone of adrenal cortex secretes androgens?
a) Zona fasciculata
b) Zona reticularis
c) Zona glomerulosa
d) Medulla
Answer: b) Zona reticularis
- ✅ Zona reticularis secretes sex steroids.
Q23. Which adrenal hormone directly increases blood pressure by vasoconstriction?
a) Adrenaline and noradrenaline
b) Cortisol
c) Aldosterone
d) Insulin
Answer: a) Adrenaline and noradrenaline
- ✅ Catecholamines → increase BP & HR.
Q24. Which adrenal hormone maintains Na⁺/K⁺ balance?
a) Cortisol
b) Aldosterone
c) Adrenaline
d) Thyroxine
Answer: b) Aldosterone
- ✅ Mineralocorticoid regulates electrolytes.
Q25. Which hormone increases heart rate during emergencies?
a) Aldosterone
b) Cortisol
c) Adrenaline
d) Insulin
Answer: c) Adrenaline
- ✅ Adrenaline = “emergency hormone,” increases heart rate & BP.
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