Part 2: Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland – Structure, Hormones, Regulation, Feedback
Part 2 (25 MCQs) on Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland – Structure, Hormones, Regulation, Feedback from Chapter 22: Chemical Coordination and Integration (NCERT Class 11 + NEET UG).
Part 2: Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland – Structure, Hormones, Regulation, Feedback
Q1. The hypothalamus is located in:
a) Cerebrum
b) Diencephalon
c) Cerebellum
d) Medulla
Answer: b) Diencephalon
- ✅ Hypothalamus lies in diencephalon, below thalamus.
Q2. The hypothalamus controls pituitary gland through:
a) Nerve impulses only
b) Releasing and inhibitory hormones
c) Thyroxine feedback only
d) Adrenal hormones
Answer: b) Releasing and inhibitory hormones
- ✅ Hypothalamic neurohormones regulate anterior pituitary.
Q3. Pituitary gland is attached to hypothalamus by:
a) Corpus callosum
b) Infundibulum
c) Thalamus
d) Pineal stalk
Answer: b) Infundibulum
- ✅ Pituitary hangs from hypothalamus via infundibulum.
Q4. The pituitary gland has:
a) Two lobes
b) Three lobes
c) Four lobes
d) One lobe only
Answer: b) Three lobes
- ✅ Anterior (adenohypophysis), posterior (neurohypophysis), intermediate lobe.
Q5. Growth hormone (GH) is secreted by:
a) Neurohypophysis
b) Adenohypophysis
c) Hypothalamus
d) Pineal
Answer: b) Adenohypophysis
- ✅ Anterior pituitary secretes GH.
Q6. Deficiency of growth hormone in childhood causes:
a) Gigantism
b) Acromegaly
c) Dwarfism
d) Cretinism
Answer: c) Dwarfism
- ✅ GH deficiency → pituitary dwarfism.
Q7. Excess secretion of GH in childhood causes:
a) Acromegaly
b) Gigantism
c) Dwarfism
d) Diabetes
Answer: b) Gigantism
- ✅ GH excess in childhood → abnormal tallness.
Q8. Excess secretion of GH in adults causes:
a) Gigantism
b) Acromegaly
c) Dwarfism
d) Myxedema
Answer: b) Acromegaly
- ✅ Bones of face, hands, feet enlarge.
Q9. Prolactin (PRL) hormone stimulates:
a) Growth of bones
b) Milk secretion after childbirth
c) Thyroid hormone release
d) Spermatogenesis
Answer: b) Milk secretion after childbirth
- ✅ PRL → lactation in females.
Q10. TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) is secreted by:
a) Hypothalamus
b) Adenohypophysis
c) Neurohypophysis
d) Thyroid
Answer: b) Adenohypophysis
- ✅ TSH stimulates thyroid to release thyroxine.
Q11. ACTH stimulates secretion of:
a) Thyroid hormones
b) Adrenal cortex hormones
c) Insulin
d) Melatonin
Answer: b) Adrenal cortex hormones
- ✅ ACTH → cortisol, aldosterone, androgens.
Q12. FSH in females stimulates:
a) Ovulation
b) Growth of ovarian follicles
c) Corpus luteum maintenance
d) Estrogen inhibition
Answer: b) Growth of ovarian follicles
- ✅ FSH → follicle development & estrogen production.
Q13. LH in females triggers:
a) Follicle growth
b) Ovulation and corpus luteum formation
c) Estrogen secretion only
d) Progesterone inhibition
Answer: b) Ovulation and corpus luteum formation
- ✅ LH surge → ovulation, luteinization.
Q14. FSH in males stimulates:
a) Testosterone secretion
b) Spermatogenesis in testes
c) Accessory gland secretion
d) Aggressive behaviour
Answer: b) Spermatogenesis in testes
- ✅ FSH → stimulates Sertoli cells → spermatogenesis.
Q15. LH in males is also called:
a) Estrogen hormone
b) ICSH (interstitial cell stimulating hormone)
c) Growth hormone
d) Prolactin
Answer: b) ICSH (interstitial cell stimulating hormone)
- ✅ LH in males stimulates Leydig cells → testosterone secretion.
Q16. Posterior pituitary stores and releases:
a) GH and TSH
b) FSH and LH
c) Oxytocin and ADH
d) ACTH and MSH
Answer: c) Oxytocin and ADH
- ✅ Synthesized in hypothalamus, stored in neurohypophysis.
Q17. Oxytocin is responsible for:
a) Lactation & uterine contraction
b) Water balance
c) Growth of bones
d) Thyroid stimulation
Answer: a) Lactation & uterine contraction
- ✅ Oxytocin = childbirth hormone (“birth hormone”).
Q18. ADH deficiency causes:
a) Diabetes mellitus
b) Diabetes insipidus
c) Gigantism
d) Myxedema
Answer: b) Diabetes insipidus
- ✅ ADH deficiency → excessive urination, thirst.
Q19. Which hypothalamic hormone stimulates GH secretion?
a) GHIH (somatostatin)
b) GHRH
c) GnRH
d) TRH
Answer: b) GHRH
- ✅ Growth hormone releasing hormone → GH secretion.
Q20. Which hypothalamic hormone inhibits GH secretion?
a) GnRH
b) TRH
c) GHIH (somatostatin)
d) CRH
Answer: c) GHIH (somatostatin)
- ✅ GHIH suppresses GH release.
Q21. Which hormone stimulates both FSH and LH release?
a) CRH
b) GnRH
c) TRH
d) PRH
Answer: b) GnRH
- ✅ Gonadotropin releasing hormone → FSH + LH.
Q22. Which hormone stimulates ACTH release?
a) CRH
b) GnRH
c) TRH
d) GHRH
Answer: a) CRH
- ✅ Corticotropin releasing hormone → ACTH secretion.
Q23. Which hormone stimulates TSH release?
a) GnRH
b) TRH
c) CRH
d) GHIH
Answer: b) TRH
- ✅ Thyrotropin releasing hormone → TSH secretion.
Q24. Feedback regulation of pituitary hormones is generally:
a) Positive feedback only
b) Negative feedback only
c) Both positive and negative
d) None
Answer: c) Both positive and negative
- ✅ Eg: Estrogen → negative feedback; LH surge → positive feedback.
Q25. Which lobe of pituitary is absent or rudimentary in humans?
a) Anterior lobe
b) Intermediate lobe
c) Posterior lobe
d) Both anterior & posterior
Answer: b) Intermediate lobe
- ✅ Intermediate lobe is rudimentary in humans.
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