Part 1: Endocrine System Overview – Glands, Hormones, General Functions
200 MCQs systematically from Chapter 22 – Chemical Coordination and Integration (NCERT Class 11 Biology, very important for CBSE + NEET UG).
Subtopic NCERT + NEET relevance
- Endocrine System Overview – Glands, hormones, classification, general functions
- Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland – Structure, hormones, regulation, feedback
- Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid – Structure, hormones, functions, disorders
- Thymus, Adrenal Glands – Cortex, medulla, hormones, regulation, disorders
- Pancreas and Gonads – Islets of Langerhans, insulin, glucagon, sex hormones
- Hormones of Heart, Kidney, GI Tract, Placenta – ANF, erythropoietin, gastrin, hCG, etc.
- Mechanism of Hormone Action – Peptide vs steroid hormones, receptors, signal transduction
- Disorders of Endocrine System & Integrated NEET-level MCQs – Diabetes, goiter, Addison’s disease, Cushing’s, acromegaly, dwarfism, hypothyroidism, etc.
Part 1: Endocrine System Overview – Glands, Hormones, General Functions
Q1. Endocrine glands are also known as:
a) Exocrine glands
b) Ductless glands
c) Mixed glands
d) Sebaceous glands
Answer: b) Ductless glands
- ✅ Endocrine glands release hormones directly into blood.
- (a) Exocrine = ducts.
- (c) Mixed = pancreas, gonads.
- (d) Sebaceous = oil glands.
Q2. Hormones are:
a) Enzymes
b) Chemical messengers
c) Neurotransmitters
d) Proteins only
Answer: b) Chemical messengers
- ✅ Hormones regulate metabolism, growth, reproduction.
Q3. Which of the following is a mixed gland?
a) Pituitary
b) Pancreas
c) Pineal
d) Thyroid
Answer: b) Pancreas
- ✅ Pancreas has endocrine (islets) + exocrine (digestive enzymes).
Q4. Which hormone regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism?
a) Thyroxine
b) Parathormone
c) Insulin
d) Cortisol
Answer: b) Parathormone
- ✅ PTH increases Ca²⁺ levels in blood.
Q5. Which is NOT an endocrine gland?
a) Adrenal
b) Pituitary
c) Salivary
d) Thyroid
Answer: c) Salivary
- ✅ Salivary = exocrine (ducts).
Q6. Hormones are secreted in:
a) Very high amounts
b) Moderate amounts
c) Very low amounts
d) Stored in large amounts
Answer: c) Very low amounts
- ✅ Effective at low concentrations.
Q7. Which hormone is called the “stress hormone”?
a) Thyroxine
b) Cortisol
c) Insulin
d) ADH
Answer: b) Cortisol
- ✅ Cortisol (adrenal cortex) → stress response, metabolism.
Q8. Endocrine system works in coordination with:
a) Skeletal system
b) Nervous system
c) Excretory system
d) Respiratory system
Answer: b) Nervous system
- ✅ Neuroendocrine regulation controls physiology.
Q9. The master gland of the body is:
a) Thyroid
b) Adrenal
c) Pituitary
d) Pancreas
Answer: c) Pituitary
- ✅ Pituitary regulates most other glands.
Q10. Which gland is both endocrine and exocrine?
a) Pituitary
b) Adrenal
c) Pancreas
d) Pineal
Answer: c) Pancreas
- ✅ Pancreas secretes insulin (endocrine) + enzymes (exocrine).
Q11. Which hormone regulates sleep-wake cycle?
a) Insulin
b) Melatonin
c) Thyroxine
d) Cortisol
Answer: b) Melatonin
- ✅ Melatonin (pineal gland) regulates circadian rhythm.
Q12. Hormones act on:
a) All body cells
b) Specific target cells with receptors
c) Only muscles
d) Only neurons
Answer: b) Specific target cells with receptors
- ✅ Hormones act via receptor–ligand binding.
Q13. Which hormone regulates blood sugar level?
a) Insulin
b) Thyroxine
c) Cortisol
d) Aldosterone
Answer: a) Insulin
- ✅ Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting uptake.
Q14. The adrenal glands are located:
a) In brain
b) On kidneys
c) Behind stomach
d) In neck
Answer: b) On kidneys
- ✅ Adrenal glands sit on kidney tops.
Q15. Which hormone regulates metabolism and basal metabolic rate?
a) Insulin
b) Thyroxine
c) Cortisol
d) ADH
Answer: b) Thyroxine
- ✅ Thyroxine controls BMR and growth.
Q16. The pituitary gland is located in:
a) Cranium
b) Vertebral column
c) Sella turcica of sphenoid bone
d) Hypothalamus
Answer: c) Sella turcica of sphenoid bone
- ✅ Pituitary sits in sella turcica (bony cavity).
Q17. Which hormone regulates water balance?
a) Oxytocin
b) ADH (vasopressin)
c) Prolactin
d) Aldosterone
Answer: b) ADH (vasopressin)
- ✅ ADH increases water reabsorption in kidney.
Q18. The endocrine system maintains:
a) Only growth
b) Only reproduction
c) Only metabolism
d) Homeostasis
Answer: d) Homeostasis
- ✅ Endocrine system ensures stable internal environment.
Q19. Which hormone is secreted by pancreas?
a) Insulin and glucagon
b) Thyroxine
c) Cortisol
d) ADH
Answer: a) Insulin and glucagon
- ✅ Both regulate blood glucose levels.
Q20. Which of the following glands atrophies after puberty?
a) Pituitary
b) Thymus
c) Thyroid
d) Pineal
Answer: b) Thymus
- ✅ Thymus shrinks after puberty, major role in immunity early in life.
Q21. The main coordinating link between nervous and endocrine system is:
a) Pituitary
b) Hypothalamus
c) Thyroid
d) Medulla
Answer: b) Hypothalamus
- ✅ Hypothalamus links CNS and endocrine system.
Q22. Which of the following is NOT a peptide hormone?
a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) Thyroxine
d) ADH
Answer: c) Thyroxine
- ✅ Thyroxine is an iodinated amino acid derivative.
Q23. Steroid hormones are synthesized from:
a) Cholesterol
b) Amino acids
c) Nucleotides
d) Fatty acids
Answer: a) Cholesterol
- ✅ Steroids (cortisol, estrogen, testosterone) are cholesterol derivatives.
Q24. Which hormone prepares body for emergencies?
a) Insulin
b) Epinephrine
c) Prolactin
d) Aldosterone
Answer: b) Epinephrine
- ✅ Adrenaline = “emergency hormone.”
Q25. Endocrinology is the study of:
a) Nerves
b) Hormones and endocrine glands
c) Muscles
d) Enzymes
Answer: b) Hormones and endocrine glands
- ✅ Endocrinology deals with hormones and glands.
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