Part 2 – Diversity in the Living World (25 MCQs)
Part 2 – Diversity in the Living World (25 MCQs)
Q1. Which term is used to describe the variety of organisms present on Earth?
A. Ecology
B. Biodiversity
C. Taxonomy
D. Evolution
Answer: B. Biodiversity
- A. Ecology → Incorrect: Study of interactions between organisms and environment.
- B. Biodiversity → Correct: Refers to the variety and variability among living organisms.
- C. Taxonomy → Incorrect: Classification of organisms.
- D. Evolution → Incorrect: Process of gradual changes over generations.
Q2. How many species of plants and animals are estimated to exist on Earth?
A. 5 million
B. 8.7 million
C. 1.5 million
D. 10 million
Answer: B. 8.7 million
- A. 5 million → Incorrect, underestimated.
- B. 8.7 million → Correct estimate, though only ~1.5 million are described.
- C. 1.5 million → Incorrect, that’s the number of described species.
- D. 10 million → Approximate guess, not accepted scientifically.
Q3. The number of species identified and described so far is approximately:
A. 1.2 million
B. 1.5 million
C. 2 million
D. 3 million
Answer: B. 1.5 million
- A. 1.2 million → Incorrect.
- B. 1.5 million → Correct, currently identified.
- C. 2 million → Incorrect, higher than described.
- D. 3 million → Incorrect, too high.
Q4. Which kingdom was added later to Whittaker’s five-kingdom classification?
A. Monera
B. Protista
C. Fungi
D. Plantae
Answer: C. Fungi
- A. Monera → Incorrect, included initially.
- B. Protista → Incorrect, included initially.
- C. Fungi → Correct, was separated from Plantae.
- D. Plantae → Incorrect, was always a part.
Q5. Which of the following is an example of biodiversity at the species level?
A. Different breeds of dogs
B. Tropical rainforest richness
C. Variations of genes in wheat
D. Variety of ecosystems in India
Answer: A. Different breeds of dogs
- A. Species-level → Correct.
- B. Ecosystem-level → Incorrect.
- C. Genetic-level → Incorrect.
- D. Ecosystem-level → Incorrect.
Q6. Which ecosystem has the maximum biodiversity?
A. Desert
B. Tundra
C. Tropical rainforest
D. Temperate grassland
Answer: C. Tropical rainforest
- A. Desert → Incorrect, low biodiversity.
- B. Tundra → Incorrect, very few species.
- C. Rainforest → Correct, highly diverse species.
- D. Grassland → Incorrect, less diverse.
Q7. The need for classification arises because:
A. Organisms are identical
B. Organisms are diverse
C. Evolution stopped
D. Only plants exist
Answer: B. Organisms are diverse
- A. Identical → Incorrect, not identical.
- B. Diverse → Correct, classification helps in grouping.
- C. Evolution stopped → Incorrect, irrelevant.
- D. Only plants → Incorrect.
Q8. Who is known as the “Father of Taxonomy”?
A. Charles Darwin
B. Carolus Linnaeus
C. Aristotle
D. Whittaker
Answer: B. Carolus Linnaeus
- A. Darwin → Incorrect, Father of Evolution.
- B. Linnaeus → Correct, systematic classification.
- C. Aristotle → Incorrect, pioneer but not formal taxonomy.
- D. Whittaker → Incorrect, five-kingdom classification.
Q9. Which of the following is the basis of modern classification?
A. Morphology
B. Anatomy
C. Evolutionary relationships
D. Color
Answer: C. Evolutionary relationships
- A. Morphology → Incorrect, used earlier.
- B. Anatomy → Incorrect, used for limited grouping.
- C. Evolutionary → Correct, phylogenetic classification.
- D. Color → Incorrect, not a valid basis.
Q10. Biodiversity is richest in which region of the Earth?
A. Polar region
B. Deserts
C. Tropics
D. Temperate zone
Answer: C. Tropics
- A. Polar → Incorrect, very few species.
- B. Deserts → Incorrect, limited diversity.
- C. Tropics → Correct, maximum biodiversity.
- D. Temperate → Incorrect, moderate.
Q11. Which of the following organisms is called a living fossil?
A. Archaeopteryx
B. Coelacanth
C. Dinosaurs
D. Trilobite
Answer: B. Coelacanth
- A. Archaeopteryx → Incorrect, extinct transitional fossil.
- B. Coelacanth → Correct, still living, once thought extinct.
- C. Dinosaurs → Incorrect, extinct.
- D. Trilobite → Incorrect, extinct marine arthropod.
Q12. Which of the following is an example of genetic diversity?
A. Varieties of mango in India
B. Forest ecosystems in India
C. Number of bird species in India
D. Distribution of grasslands in India
Answer: A. Varieties of mango in India
- A. Correct, different varieties of the same species.
- B. Forests → Ecosystem diversity.
- C. Bird species → Species diversity.
- D. Grasslands → Ecosystem diversity.
Q13. Which branch of biology deals with classification of organisms?
A. Ecology
B. Morphology
C. Taxonomy
D. Physiology
Answer: C. Taxonomy
- A. Ecology → Incorrect, study of environment.
- B. Morphology → Incorrect, study of form.
- C. Taxonomy → Correct, classification and naming.
- D. Physiology → Incorrect, functions of body.
Q14. Who gave the “Five Kingdom Classification”?
A. Whittaker
B. Linnaeus
C. Aristotle
D. Haeckel
Answer: A. Whittaker
- A. Whittaker → Correct, 1969.
- B. Linnaeus → Incorrect, two kingdoms.
- C. Aristotle → Incorrect, early classification.
- D. Haeckel → Incorrect, three kingdoms.
Q15. Which of the following is NOT a criterion used in modern taxonomy?
A. Anatomy
B. Molecular features
C. Evolutionary history
D. Astrology
Answer: D. Astrology
- A. Anatomy → Correct criterion.
- B. Molecular → Correct criterion.
- C. Evolutionary history → Correct.
- D. Astrology → Correct answer, not related.
Q16. Which of the following organisms was classified as “Animal” by Aristotle but is now considered a plant?
A. Mushroom
B. Fern
C. Algae
D. Bacteria
Answer: C. Algae
- A. Mushroom → Incorrect, fungi.
- B. Fern → Incorrect, always plant.
- C. Algae → Correct, Aristotle considered some algae as animals.
- D. Bacteria → Incorrect, unknown to Aristotle.
Q17. The highest level of classification is:
A. Genus
B. Species
C. Kingdom
D. Phylum
Answer: C. Kingdom
- A. Genus → Incorrect, lower level.
- B. Species → Incorrect, basic unit.
- C. Kingdom → Correct, broadest category.
- D. Phylum → Incorrect, below kingdom.
Q18. Which of the following scientists used the term “taxonomy”?
A. Linnaeus
B. Lamarck
C. Theophrastus
D. De Candolle
Answer: D. De Candolle
- A. Linnaeus → Incorrect, father of taxonomy.
- B. Lamarck → Incorrect, evolutionist.
- C. Theophrastus → Incorrect, father of botany.
- D. De Candolle → Correct, coined taxonomy.
Q19. The study of biodiversity is important because:
A. It helps in conservation
B. It helps in resource utilization
C. It helps in ecological balance
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
- A. Conservation → Correct.
- B. Resources → Correct.
- C. Balance → Correct.
- D. All → Correct.
Q20. Which is the smallest taxonomic category?
A. Class
B. Species
C. Genus
D. Order
Answer: B. Species
- A. Class → Incorrect, higher rank.
- B. Species → Correct, basic unit.
- C. Genus → Incorrect, includes species.
- D. Order → Incorrect.
Q21. Which is the correct sequence in taxonomic hierarchy?
A. Species → Genus → Family → Order → Class → Phylum → Kingdom
B. Genus → Species → Family → Order → Class → Phylum → Kingdom
C. Species → Family → Genus → Order → Class → Phylum → Kingdom
D. Family → Genus → Species → Order → Class → Phylum → Kingdom
Answer: A. Species → Genus → Family → Order → Class → Phylum → Kingdom
- A. Correct order (increasing hierarchy).
- B. Wrong sequence (species after genus).
- C. Wrong sequence.
- D. Wrong sequence.
Q22. Which is a feature of systematics but not of simple taxonomy?
A. Nomenclature
B. Classification
C. Evolutionary relationships
D. Identification
Answer: C. Evolutionary relationships
- A. Nomenclature → Taxonomy.
- B. Classification → Taxonomy.
- C. Evolutionary relationships → Correct, included in systematics.
- D. Identification → Taxonomy.
Q23. Which taxonomist is known as “Father of Zoology”?
A. Aristotle
B. Linnaeus
C. Whittaker
D. Darwin
Answer: A. Aristotle
- A. Aristotle → Correct, classified animals scientifically.
- B. Linnaeus → Father of Taxonomy.
- C. Whittaker → Five kingdom.
- D. Darwin → Evolution.
Q24. The science of naming organisms is called:
A. Taxonomy
B. Nomenclature
C. Classification
D. Morphology
Answer: B. Nomenclature
- A. Taxonomy → Includes naming, classification.
- B. Nomenclature → Correct, naming only.
- C. Classification → Grouping organisms.
- D. Morphology → Study of external form.
Q25. Which of the following best explains the need for classification?
A. To reduce complexity of biodiversity
B. To identify harmful organisms
C. To make learning easy
D. To follow tradition
Answer: A. To reduce complexity of biodiversity
- A. Correct, classification organizes the vast diversity.
- B. Harmful organisms → Partial.
- C. Easy learning → Secondary.
- D. Tradition → Irrelevant.
✅ Part 2 Completed – 25 MCQs
This section focused on biodiversity, importance of classification, taxonomy, hierarchy, and need for systematics.
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