Part 1 — Flower structure, floral whorls, flower types, inflorescence (25 MCQs)

MCQs (8 Parts × 25 each) on Chapter 1 — Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants (NCERT Class 12), targeted to CBSE Class 12 & NEET UG.

Chapter 1 — Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Subtopic used to organize Parts

1. Flower structure & floral whorls; flower types, inflorescence basics

2. Microsporogenesis, pollen structure & development of male gametophyte

3. Megasporogenesis & development of female gametophyte (embryo sac)

4. Pollination — types, agents, examples; outbreeding devices; pollen–pistil interaction

5. Double fertilization; events leading to fertilization; barriers

6. Post-fertilization events — development of endosperm & embryo; stages of embryogenesis

7. Seed development, structure, types of fruits, fruit development; special modes (apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony)

8. Seed dispersal significance, fruit formation significance, applied & integrated NEET-level practice

Part 1 — Flower structure, floral whorls, flower types, inflorescence (25 MCQs)

Q1. A typical flower with all four floral whorls (calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium) is called:

a) Incomplete
b) Incomplete and perfect
c) Complete and perfect
d) Perfect and unisexual

Answer: c) Complete and perfect

• (c) Correct. A complete flower has all four whorls; perfect (bisexual) has both stamens and carpels.

• (a) Incorrect — incomplete lacks one or more whorls.

• (b) Self-contradictory: incomplete cannot be perfect regarding presence of all whorls.

• (d) Incorrect — perfect means bisexual; unisexual conflicts.

Q2. The female reproductive unit (carpel) consists of:

a) Anther, filament
b) Ovary, style, stigma
c) Petal, sepal
d) Ovule, placenta only

Answer: b) Ovary, style, stigma

• (b) Correct. Carpel = stigma (pollen-receptive), style (pollen tube path), ovary (contains ovules).

• (a) Incorrect — anther & filament = stamen (male).

• (c) Incorrect — petal & sepal are perianth.

• (d) Ovule and placenta are within ovary but not the entire carpel structure.

Q3. A flower that lacks either stamens or carpels is:

a) Perfect
b) Imperfect
c) Complete
d) Polygamous

Answer: b) Imperfect

• (b) Correct. Imperfect = unisexual (either staminate or pistillate), lacking one sexual whorl.

• (a) Perfect = bisexual (has both).

• (c) Complete refers to presence of all whorls, unrelated to sexuality.

• (d) Polygamous indicates mixture of bisexual and unisexual flowers on same plant — not the direct definition.

Q4. When petals and sepals are indistinguishable (e.g., in Liliaceae), these floral parts are called:

a) Tepals
b) Perianth segments
c) Sepaloids
d) Corolla only

Answer: a) Tepals

• (a) Correct. Tepals = undifferentiated perianth segments (calyx and corolla similar).

• (b) Generic phrase but not the standard terminology — “tepal” is precise.

• (c) Not standard term.

• (d) Incorrect — corolla refers specifically to petals.

Q5. A flower with floral parts in fours or multiples of four belongs to:

a) Monocots
b) Dicots
c) Gymnosperms
d) Bryophytes

Answer: b) Dicots

• (b) Correct. Dicots typically have floral parts in 4’s or 5’s; monocots in 3’s.

• (a) Incorrect — monocots generally 3-merous.

• (c, d) Irrelevant — gymnosperms and bryophytes do not have typical angiosperm floral whorl patterns.

Q6. Inflorescence with pedicellate flowers arranged on a common axis where the oldest flowers are at the base is:

a) Raceme
b) Cyme
c) Umbel
d) Spike

Answer: a) Raceme

• (a) Correct. Raceme: pedicellate flowers on axis; acropetal succession (youngest at tip).

• (b) Cyme often has basipetal development (older at apex) — opposite.

• (c) Umbel: pedicels originate from common point.

• (d) Spike: sessile flowers on axis (no pedicels).

Q7. A bisexual flower having both calyx and corolla absent is termed:

a) Naked flower
b) Apochlamydeous flower
c) Dichlamydeous flower
d) Incomplete flower

Answer: b) Apochlamydeous flower

• (b) Correct. Apochlamydeous = without perianth.

• (a) Non-standard.

• (c) Dichlamydeous means both calyx and corolla present.

• (d) Incomplete refers to missing any whorl — correct but apochlamydeous is more precise.

Q8. The floral formula “✶ K5 C5 A∞ G(5)” indicates flowers that are:

a) Zygomorphic, perigynous, syncarpous five carpels
b) Actinomorphic, five sepals, five petals, many stamens, syncarpous ovary of 5 carpels
c) Actinomorphic, five sepals, five petals, five stamens, apocarpous
d) Zygomorphic, lacking petals

Answer: b) Actinomorphic, five sepals, five petals, many stamens, syncarpous ovary of 5 carpels

• (b) Correct. ✶ = actinomorphic; K5 = 5 sepals; C5 = 5 petals; A∞ = many stamens; G(5) = syncarpous ovary of 5 carpels.

• (a) ✶ is actinomorphic (not zygomorphic).

• (c) A∞ means many stamens, not five.

• (d) Incorrect.

Q9. In which of the following is the ovary superior?

a) Hibiscus
b) Cucumber
c) Apple
d) Peach

Answer: a) Hibiscus

• (a) Correct. Hibiscus has a superior ovary.

• (b) Cucumber has inferior ovary.

• (c,d) Apple and peach have inferior to semi-inferior/inferior respectively (apple accessory fruit with inferior ovary).

Q10. Flower symmetry that shows only one plane of symmetry (e.g., Pea) is called:

a) Actinomorphic
b) Zygomorphic
c) Asymmetric
d) Bilaterifloral

Answer: b) Zygomorphic

• (b) Correct. Zygomorphic = bilateral symmetry (one plane).

• (a) Actinomorphic = radial symmetry (many planes).

• (c) Asymmetric = no symmetry (e.g., Canna sometimes).

• (d) Non-standard.

Q11. A flower having male and female flowers on the same plant (e.g., Cucurbita) is:

a) Monoecious
b) Dioecious
c) Polygamous
d) Gynomonoecious

Answer: a) Monoecious

• (a) Correct. Monoecious = separate male & female flowers on same plant.

• (b) Dioecious = male & female flowers on separate plants.

• (c) Polygamous = mixture including bisexual and unisexual flowers.

• (d) Gynomonoecious = female + bisexual on same plant (not the general case).

Q12. The stalk that supports a flower is called:

a) Pedicel
b) Peduncle
c) Rachis
d) Receptacle

Answer: a) Pedicel

• (a) Correct. Pedicel = stalk of individual flower; peduncle = stalk of inflorescence or solitary flower.

• (b) Peduncle applies to whole inflorescence.

• (c) Rachis = main axis of compound leaf or inflorescence.

• (d) Receptacle = flower base.

Q13. The position where floral parts are attached is called:

a) Thalamus or receptacle
b) Torus only
c) Hypanthium
d) Calyx base

Answer: a) Thalamus or receptacle

• (a) Correct. Thalamus (torus/receptacle) is the floral axis where parts attach.

• (b) Torus is same as thalamus — but question seeks term; (a) covers synonyms.

• (c) Hypanthium is cup-like formed by fused bases in some families.

• (d) Not precise.

Q14. In epipetalous condition filaments are attached to:

a) Petals
b) Sepals
c) Receptacle
d) Ovary

Answer: a) Petals

• (a) Correct. Epipetalous stamens are attached to petals (e.g., Solanaceae).

• Other options incorrect.

Q15. In a complete flower the perianth is made up of:

a) Calyx and corolla
b) Corolla and stamens
c) Calyx and stamens
d) Anther and stigma

Answer: a) Calyx and corolla

• (a) Correct. Perianth = calyx (sepals) + corolla (petals).

• Others incorrect.

Q16. A flower with its perianth differentiated but stamens and carpels absent would be:

a) Incomplete & perfect
b) Incomplete & imperfect
c) Complete & bisexual
d) Apochlamydeous

Answer: b) Incomplete & imperfect

• (b) Correct. Missing sexual whorl(s) = imperfect; perianth still present → incomplete.

• (a) Perfect implies presence of both sexes.

• (c) Complete implies all four whorls.

• (d) Apochlamydeous = perianth absent.

Q17. A flower in which the ovary is placed above the insertion of other floral parts is referred to as:

a) Superior ovary
b) Inferior ovary
c) Half-inferior ovary
d) Epigynous flower

Answer: a) Superior ovary

• (a) Correct. Superior ovary sits above other parts (hypogynous flower).

• (b) Inferior ovary is below insertion.

• (c) Half-inferior = partially inferior.

• (d) Epigynous means floral parts appear above ovary (associated with inferior ovary); not the same as superior.

Q18. When sepals are fused but petals free the condition is called:

a) Gamosepalous
b) Polypetalous
c) Gamopetalous
d) Polysepalous

Answer: a) Gamosepalous

• (a) Correct. Gamosepalous = sepals fused.

• (b) Polypetalous = petals free.

• (c) Gamopetalous = petals fused.

• (d) Polysepalous = sepals free.

Q19. Which of the following has zygomorphic corolla?

a) Mustard
b) Pea (Papilionaceous)
c) Lily
d) Datura

Answer: b) Pea (Papilionaceous)

• (b) Correct. Papilionaceous corolla is bilaterally symmetric (zygomorphic).

• (a,c,d) Have actinomorphic corollas.

Q20. Actinomorphic flowers are those which are:

a) Irregular
b) Regular (radially symmetric)
c) Bilaterally symmetric
d) Without petals

Answer: b) Regular (radially symmetric)

• (b) Correct. Actinomorphic = regular, many planes of symmetry.

• (c) Bilateral = zygomorphic.

Q21. The structural organ which ultimately bears the ovules is:

a) Ovary wall only
b) Placenta
c) Style
d) Stigma

Answer: b) Placenta

• (b) Correct. Ovules attach to placenta inside the ovary.

• (a) Ovary wall encloses placenta but ovules are on placenta.

• (c,d) Style and stigma are other carpel parts.

Q22. When petals are reduced and sepals look like petals, the latter are called:

a) Petaloid sepals
b) Tepals
c) Bracts
d) Staminodes

Answer: a) Petaloid sepals

• (a) Correct. Sepals that resemble petals = petaloid sepals (e.g., Hellebore).

• (b) Tepals when sepals & petals are undifferentiated.

• (c) Bracts are leaf-like structures; (d) staminodes are sterile stamens.

Q23. If androecium number equals corolla number and arranged opposite to petals, condition is called:

a) Epipetalous
b) Telecephalous
c) Diadelphous
d) Antipetalous (or opposite) stamens

Answer: d) Antipetalous (or opposite) stamens

• (d) Correct. Antipetalous stamens occur opposite petals.

• (a) Epipetalous = stamens attached to petals.

• (c) Diadelphous = stamens united into two bundles.

Q24. A flower that opens on exposure to sunlight is called:

a) Nyctinastic
b) Phototropic
c) Heliotropic or photonastic (flower opening in sunlight)
d) Nocturnal

Answer: c) Heliotropic or photonastic

• (c) Correct. Flowers that open with sunlight = heliotropic/photonastic.

• (a) Nyctinastic = movements in response to night/day cycles (closing at night).

• (b) Phototropic = growth towards light (plant movement), not opening.

Q25. The floral part fused to form a cup-like structure called hypanthium is seen in:

a) Roses (Rosaceae)
b) Pea (Fabaceae)
c) Mustard (Brassicaceae)
d) Sunflower (Asteraceae)

Answer: a) Roses (Rosaceae)

• (a) Correct. Hypanthium (floral cup) is typical in many Rosaceae members.

• (b–d) Do not form prominent hypanthium.

  ---

  Sexual reproduction Class 12, NEET UG biology MCQs, Chapter 1 flowering plants, NCERT Class 12 Biology, Pollination and fertilization notes, CBSE Class 12 exam prep, Sexual reproduction NEET practice, NCERT-based biology learning, Class 12 sexual reproduction in flowering plants MCQs, NEET sexual reproduction in plants questions, NCERT flowering plants reproduction quiz Class 12, MCQs on pollination and fertilization NEET UG, Seed and fruit formation NEET UG preparation, Chapter 1 biology sexual reproduction questions, Sexual reproduction in flowering plants notes with MCQs, NCERT Class 12 biology online MCQ practice