Part 5 – Biodiversity Conservation (25 MCQs)

Q1. Which of the following is an example of in-situ conservation?

a) Gene banks
b) Botanical gardens
c) National parks
d) Tissue culture

Answer: c) National parks

Explanation:

(a) Incorrect → Gene banks = ex-situ.
(b) Incorrect → Botanical gardens = ex-situ.
(c) Correct → National parks conserve species in natural habitat.
(d) Incorrect → Tissue culture = ex-situ.

Q2. Ex-situ conservation includes:

a) Zoos
b) Seed banks
c) Botanical gardens
d) All of these

Answer: d) All of these

Explanation:

(a) Correct → Zoos conserve animals outside habitat.
(b) Correct → Seed banks conserve plant germplasm.
(c) Correct → Botanical gardens = ex-situ.
(d) Correct → All included.

Q3. Which is NOT an in-situ method of conservation?

a) Wildlife sanctuaries
b) Sacred groves
c) Biosphere reserves
d) Zoological parks

Answer: d) Zoological parks

Explanation:

(a) Correct → Sanctuaries = in-situ.
(b) Correct → Sacred groves = traditional in-situ.
(c) Correct → Biosphere reserves = in-situ.
(d) Correct answer → Zoos = ex-situ.

Q4. Sacred groves are conserved mainly due to:

a) Religious beliefs and traditions
b) Government protection
c) Scientific research
d) Botanical studies

Answer: a) Religious beliefs and traditions

Explanation:

(a) Correct → Sacred groves conserved culturally.
(b) Incorrect → Not primarily by government.
(c) Incorrect → Not for science originally.
(d) Incorrect → Not botanical study.

Q5. Which of the following is an advantage of in-situ conservation?

a) Maintains evolutionary processes
b) Protects entire ecosystems
c) Ensures species continue natural interactions
d) All of these

Answer: d) All of these

Explanation:

(a) Correct → Evolution continues in nature.
(b) Correct → Whole ecosystem conserved.
(c) Correct → Species retain ecological roles.
(d) Correct → All are advantages.

Q6. The Red Data Book is published by:

a) IUCN
b) WHO
c) UNEP
d) WWF

Answer: a) IUCN

Explanation:

(a) Correct → IUCN maintains Red Data Book.
(b) Incorrect → WHO = health.
(c) Incorrect → UNEP = environment policy.
(d) Incorrect → WWF = conservation NGO.

Q7. Which of the following is an ex-situ conservation strategy?

a) Biosphere reserves
b) Gene banks
c) National parks
d) Wildlife sanctuaries

Answer: b) Gene banks

Explanation:

(a) Incorrect → In-situ.
(b) Correct → Germplasm conserved artificially.
(c) Incorrect → In-situ.
(d) Incorrect → In-situ.

Q8. In India, the concept of biosphere reserves was introduced in:

a) 1968
b) 1970
c) 1986
d) 1992

Answer: c) 1986

Explanation:

(a) Incorrect → Not 1968.
(b) Incorrect → Not 1970.
(c) Correct → First introduced in 1986.
(d) Incorrect → 1992 relates to Earth Summit.

Q9. Which of the following is an international strategy for biodiversity conservation?

a) Earth Summit (1992)
b) Ramsar Convention
c) UNESCO Biosphere Reserves
d) All of these

Answer: d) All of these

Explanation:

(a) Correct → Earth Summit (Rio de Janeiro).
(b) Correct → Ramsar = wetlands protection.
(c) Correct → UNESCO MAB programme.
(d) Correct → All are international strategies.

Q10. Which of the following is NOT a role of protected areas?

a) Conserving wild species
b) Providing ecological balance
c) Supporting tourism
d) Industrial development

Answer: d) Industrial development

Explanation:

(a) Correct → Protect species.
(b) Correct → Maintain balance.
(c) Correct → Promote ecotourism.
(d) Correct answer → Industrial use not allowed.

Q11. Which method is best to conserve a single critically endangered species?

a) Biosphere reserve
b) National park
c) Zoo / captive breeding
d) Wildlife sanctuary

Answer: c) Zoo / captive breeding

Explanation:

(a) Incorrect → Conserves ecosystems, not single species.
(b) Incorrect → Not sufficient if species nearly extinct.
(c) Correct → Captive breeding saves critically endangered species.
(d) Incorrect → Sanctuaries conserve many species.

Q12. Which of the following is an in-situ conservation approach in India?

a) Project Tiger
b) Seed banks
c) Botanical gardens
d) Zoological parks

Answer: a) Project Tiger

Explanation:

(a) Correct → In-situ through tiger reserves.
(b) Incorrect → Ex-situ.
(c) Incorrect → Ex-situ.
(d) Incorrect → Ex-situ.

Q13. Ex-situ conservation is mainly useful when:

a) Species have very large populations
b) Natural habitats are safe
c) Species are critically endangered
d) Species are widespread

Answer: c) Species are critically endangered

Explanation:

(a) Incorrect → Large populations don’t need ex-situ.
(b) Incorrect → Safe habitats prefer in-situ.
(c) Correct → Needed for species with very small numbers.
(d) Incorrect → Widespread species don’t need it.

Q14. The world’s first National Park was:

a) Gir National Park
b) Yellowstone National Park
c) Jim Corbett National Park
d) Kaziranga National Park

Answer: b) Yellowstone National Park

Explanation:

(a) Incorrect → Gir = Asiatic lions.
(b) Correct → Yellowstone (USA, 1872).
(c) Incorrect → Jim Corbett (India’s first, 1936).
(d) Incorrect → Kaziranga = rhinos.

Q15. Which of the following is India’s first national park?

a) Kaziranga
b) Jim Corbett
c) Gir
d) Periyar

Answer: b) Jim Corbett

Explanation:

(a) Incorrect → Famous for rhinos.
(b) Correct → First Indian national park (1936).
(c) Incorrect → Gir = lions.
(d) Incorrect → Periyar = elephants, but not first.

Q16. Which conservation strategy involves preservation of germplasm?

a) In-situ
b) Ex-situ
c) Both
d) None

Answer: b) Ex-situ

Explanation:

(a) Incorrect → In-situ = natural ecosystems.
(b) Correct → Ex-situ includes seed/gene banks.
(c) Incorrect → Not both.
(d) Incorrect → Definitely applicable.

Q17. Which project in India is specifically for tiger conservation?

a) Project Elephant
b) Project Tiger
c) MAB Programme
d) Save the Rhino

Answer: b) Project Tiger

Explanation:

(a) Incorrect → Elephants.
(b) Correct → Project Tiger (1973).
(c) Incorrect → Biosphere reserves.
(d) Incorrect → Rhino is not central project.

Q18. Which is NOT an ex-situ conservation method?

a) Cryopreservation
b) Zoological parks
c) Seed banks
d) Biosphere reserves

Answer: d) Biosphere reserves

Explanation:

(a) Correct → Cryopreservation = ex-situ.
(b) Correct → Zoos = ex-situ.
(c) Correct → Seed banks = ex-situ.
(d) Correct answer → Biosphere reserves = in-situ.

Q19. Which type of conservation protects species within their natural habitat?

a) In-situ
b) Ex-situ
c) Both
d) None

Answer: a) In-situ

Explanation:

(a) Correct → In natural ecosystems.
(b) Incorrect → Ex-situ = outside habitat.
(c) Incorrect → Not both.
(d) Incorrect → Answer exists.

Q20. Which Indian act provides legal protection to biodiversity through protected areas?

a) Environmental Protection Act, 1986
b) Indian Forest Act, 1927
c) Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
d) Biodiversity Act, 2002

Answer: c) Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

Explanation:

(a) Incorrect → General environment law.
(b) Incorrect → Older forestry act.
(c) Correct → WPA 1972 established sanctuaries, parks.
(d) Incorrect → Biodiversity Act focuses on access/use.

Q21. Which ex-situ conservation technique preserves gametes, embryos, and seeds at ultra-low temperatures?

a) Gene banks
b) Cryopreservation
c) Tissue culture
d) Zoological parks

Answer: b) Cryopreservation

Explanation:

(a) Incorrect → Broader storage, not freezing.
(b) Correct → Cryopreservation = freezing at -196°C (liquid nitrogen).
(c) Incorrect → Micropropagation, not freezing.
(d) Incorrect → Zoos keep live animals.

Q22. Which conservation strategy uses botanical gardens?

a) In-situ
b) Ex-situ
c) Both
d) None

Answer: b) Ex-situ

Explanation:

(a) Incorrect → Not natural habitat.
(b) Correct → Gardens conserve plants outside habitat.
(c) Incorrect → Not both.
(d) Incorrect → Strategy exists.

Q23. The Earth Summit (1992) was held at:

a) Paris
b) Rio de Janeiro
c) Geneva
d) New York

Answer: b) Rio de Janeiro

Explanation:

(a) Incorrect → Not Paris.
(b) Correct → Earth Summit at Rio, Brazil.
(c) Incorrect → Geneva not correct.
(d) Incorrect → Not New York.

Q24. Which of the following is NOT part of the three main objectives of Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)?

a) Conservation of biodiversity
b) Sustainable use of biodiversity
c) Fair sharing of benefits from resources
d) Elimination of all exotic species

Answer: d) Elimination of all exotic species

Explanation:

(a) Correct → CBD objective.
(b) Correct → CBD objective.
(c) Correct → CBD objective.
(d) Correct answer → Exotic species elimination is not stated objective.

Q25. Which of the following is the best example of community-based in-situ conservation in India?

a) Biosphere reserves
b) Sacred groves
c) Zoological parks
d) Botanical gardens

Answer: b) Sacred groves

Explanation:

(a) Incorrect → Government-managed.
(b) Correct → Conserved by local communities, religious value.
(c) Incorrect → Ex-situ.
(d) Incorrect → Ex-situ.

Biodiversity Class 12 MCQs, NCERT Biology Chapter 13, CBSE Class 12 Biology MCQs, NEET UG Biology preparation, Biodiversity hotspots MCQs, Endangered species Class 12, Biodiversity conservation notes, Red Data Book MCQs, biodiversity and its conservation class 12 mcqs with answers, biodiversity conservation neet important questions, class 12 biology chapter 13 mcqs for board exam, ncert based biodiversity questions for neet ug, biodiversity hotspots class 12 important mcqs, endangered organisms and extinction mcqs for neet, red data book class 12 biology questions, sacred groves and biosphere reserves mcqs

Part 5 – Biodiversity Conservation (25 MCQs)