Part 6: Vaccines, Allergy & Autoimmunity (25 MCQs)
Part 6: Vaccines, Allergy & Autoimmunity – Vaccination, Types of Vaccines, Allergies, Organ Transplant, Immunodeficiency (25 MCQs)
Q126. Vaccines provide which type of immunity?
a) Natural passive
b) Artificial active
c) Artificial passive
d) Natural active
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Vaccines stimulate immune system to form memory cells → artificial active immunity.
Q127. Who discovered the first vaccine (smallpox)?
a) Louis Pasteur
b) Edward Jenner
c) Robert Koch
d) Alexander Fleming
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Edward Jenner (1796) discovered smallpox vaccine using cowpox virus.
Q128. Which of the following is a live attenuated vaccine?
a) Polio (oral Sabin)
b) Tetanus toxoid
c) Rabies killed vaccine
d) DPT vaccine
Answer: a
- a) Correct: Oral polio vaccine = live attenuated.
Q129. Tetanus vaccine is an example of:
a) Live attenuated vaccine
b) Toxoid vaccine
c) Subunit vaccine
d) DNA vaccine
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Tetanus vaccine = inactivated toxin (toxoid).
Q130. Which vaccine is used against tuberculosis?
a) DPT
b) BCG
c) MMR
d) OPV
Answer: b
- b) Correct: BCG vaccine (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) protects against TB.
Q131. Vaccines work by inducing:
a) Immediate immunity without memory
b) Immunological memory in host
c) Only innate immunity
d) Allergic reactions
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Vaccines stimulate memory B- and T-cells for long-term immunity.
Q132. Allergy is caused by:
a) Excess production of IgG
b) Excess release of histamine from mast cells (IgE mediated)
c) Autoimmune destruction of cells
d) Bacterial toxins
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Allergy → IgE antibodies + mast cells → histamine release.
Q133. Which drug is used to control allergy?
a) Antibiotics
b) Antihistamines
c) Antifungals
d) Steroids only
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Antihistamines block histamine → reduce allergic symptoms.
Q134. Common symptoms of allergy include:
a) Sneezing, watery eyes, runny nose
b) Paralysis
c) Dysentery
d) Swollen lymph nodes only
Answer: a
- a) Correct: Typical allergy symptoms = sneezing, itching, watery eyes, rhinitis.
Q135. Which antibody is most involved in allergic reactions?
a) IgM
b) IgA
c) IgE
d) IgG
Answer: c
- c) Correct: IgE mediates allergy.
Q136. Autoimmune diseases occur when:
a) Body attacks its own cells and tissues
b) Immunity is suppressed
c) Allergens stimulate mast cells
d) Microbes produce toxins
Answer: a
- a) Correct: Autoimmunity = immune response against self-antigens.
Q137. Rheumatoid arthritis is an example of:
a) Infectious disease
b) Autoimmune disorder
c) Allergic reaction
d) Genetic drift
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Rheumatoid arthritis = autoimmune disorder.
Q138. Myasthenia gravis is caused by:
a) Viral infection
b) Autoantibodies blocking acetylcholine receptors
c) Histamine release
d) Bacterial toxins
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Myasthenia gravis → autoimmune disease blocking neuromuscular transmission.
Q139. Multiple sclerosis results from:
a) Infection of RBCs
b) Autoimmune attack on myelin sheath
c) Histamine release
d) Bacterial endotoxins
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Autoimmune destruction of myelin sheath → MS.
Q140. Which of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease?
a) Type 1 diabetes mellitus
b) Rheumatoid arthritis
c) Asthma
d) Myasthenia gravis
Answer: c
- c) Correct: Asthma = allergic disease, not autoimmune.
Q141. Vaccination against polio in India is part of:
a) Pulse Polio Immunization Programme
b) Malaria Eradication Programme
c) Tuberculosis Control Programme
d) AIDS Control Programme
Answer: a
- a) Correct: Pulse Polio Programme started in 1995 for eradication of polio.
Q142. Artificial passive immunity involves:
a) Vaccination
b) Injection of preformed antibodies (e.g., antivenom, immunoglobulins)
c) Mother’s milk
d) Innate barriers
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Preformed antibodies = artificial passive immunity.
Q143. A person bitten by a snake is given:
a) Antibiotics
b) Antivenom serum (passive immunity)
c) Vaccination
d) Steroids
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Snake antivenom = artificial passive immunity.
Q144. Immunodeficiency means:
a) Excessive immunity
b) Reduced ability to fight infections
c) Autoimmune attack
d) Allergic response
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Immunodeficiency = defective immune response → more infections.
Q145. Which cells mediate transplant rejection?
a) Helper T-cells and cytotoxic T-cells
b) B-cells only
c) Macrophages only
d) RBCs
Answer: a
- a) Correct: T-cells recognize foreign tissue antigens → rejection.
Q146. Immunosuppressive drugs in organ transplantation mainly act by:
a) Enhancing antibodies
b) Suppressing T-cell activity
c) Killing bacteria
d) Stimulating RBCs
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Drugs like cyclosporine suppress T-cell activation.
Q147. Which disease is treated with insulin because of autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells?
a) Type 2 diabetes mellitus
b) Type 1 diabetes mellitus
c) Asthma
d) AIDS
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Type 1 diabetes → autoimmune β-cell destruction.
Q148. Which vaccine is given to prevent measles, mumps, rubella?
a) DPT
b) BCG
c) MMR
d) OPV
Answer: c
- c) Correct: MMR vaccine prevents measles, mumps, rubella.
Q149. Which is a subunit vaccine?
a) Hepatitis B vaccine
b) Oral polio vaccine
c) BCG vaccine
d) Smallpox vaccine
Answer: a
- a) Correct: Hepatitis B = recombinant subunit vaccine.
Q150. Which type of vaccine is safer but may need booster doses?
a) Live attenuated
b) Inactivated/killed vaccines
c) Toxoid
d) Subunit vaccines
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Inactivated vaccines (like Salk polio) are safe but weaker, need boosters.
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