Part 8 – Mixed & Integrative MCQs

Q1.

Which of the following was the first recombinant product approved for human use?
a) Human growth hormone
b) Human insulin (Humulin)
c) Hepatitis B vaccine
d) Interferon

Answer: b) Human insulin (Humulin)

Explanation:

(a) Growth hormone → Approved later.
(b) Correct → Humulin was first recombinant therapeutic protein.
(c) Hepatitis B vaccine → Approved later.
(d) Interferon → After insulin.

Q2.

Cry1Ac gene in Bt cotton protects against:
a) Aphids
b) Bollworm
c) Stem borer
d) Nematodes

Answer: b) Bollworm

Explanation:

(a) Aphids → Not controlled.
(b) Correct → Bollworms are killed by Cry1Ac.
(c) Stem borer → Cry1Ab works for maize/rice stem borers.
(d) Nematodes → Controlled by RNA interference.

Q3.

Which Indian transgenic animal produced milk enriched with human protein α-lactalbumin?
a) Dolly the sheep
b) Rosie the cow
c) Polly the sheep
d) Goat producing antithrombin

Answer: b) Rosie the cow

Explanation:

(a) Dolly → Cloned sheep, not transgenic milk.
(b) Correct → Rosie was transgenic cow (1997, India).
(c) Polly → Transgenic sheep.
(d) Goat → Antithrombin, not α-lactalbumin.

Q4.

Which method is used for introducing cry genes into plants?
a) Microinjection
b) Ti plasmid-mediated transformation
c) Retroviral vectors
d) CRISPR only

Answer: b) Ti plasmid-mediated transformation

Explanation:

(a) Microinjection → Not used in plants.
(b) Correct → Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid used.
(c) Retroviral → Animal systems.
(d) CRISPR → New method, but Bt plants originally used Ti plasmid.

Q5.

ADA deficiency in humans is treated by:
a) Stem cell transplantation
b) Gene therapy
c) Enzyme replacement therapy
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation:

(a) True → Bone marrow transplantation.
(b) True → Gene therapy trials successful.
(c) True → Enzyme replacement used.
(d) Correct → All treatments possible.

Q6.

Which of the following is an example of a nutraceutical GM crop?
a) Bt brinjal
b) Golden Rice
c) Flavr Savr tomato
d) Herbicide-resistant soybean

Answer: b) Golden Rice

Explanation:

(a) Bt brinjal → Pest resistance.
(b) Correct → Golden Rice enriched with Vitamin A.
(c) Flavr Savr → Shelf-life trait.
(d) Soybean → Herbicide tolerance.

Q7.

Knockout mice are especially useful for:
a) Producing monoclonal antibodies
b) Understanding gene function in diseases
c) Producing human insulin
d) Delayed ripening studies

Answer: b) Understanding gene function in diseases

Explanation:

(a) Antibody production → Hybridoma method.
(b) Correct → Knockouts show loss-of-function roles.
(c) Insulin → Produced in bacteria, not mice.
(d) Delayed ripening → Flavr Savr tomato.

Q8.

Which body oversees biosafety issues in India?
a) GEAC
b) CSIR
c) ICMR
d) ICAR

Answer: a) GEAC

Explanation:

(a) Correct → GEAC regulates biosafety in GM crops.
(b) CSIR → Research, not regulator.
(c) ICMR → Medical research.
(d) ICAR → Agriculture research.

Q9.

Which is the correct order of events in Cry protein action?

Ingestion by insect
Activation in alkaline gut
Binding to receptors
Pore formation in gut cells

Answer: 1 → 2 → 3 → 4

Explanation:

Correct sequence: ingestion → alkaline activation → receptor binding → pore formation.

Q10.

Which Indian database helps prevent patents on traditional medicine?
a) CSIR Research Data Bank
b) Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL)
c) National Biodiversity Database
d) Indian Patent Journal

Answer: b) TKDL

Explanation:

(a) CSIR data bank → General.
(b) Correct → TKDL documents Ayurveda, Yoga, Siddha knowledge.
(c) Biodiversity database → Community register, not patents.
(d) Patent journal → Lists granted patents.

Q11.

Which of the following is a transgenic animal product for treating blood clotting disorders?
a) Goat producing antithrombin
b) Cow producing α-lactalbumin
c) Sheep producing α1-antitrypsin
d) Mouse producing insulin

Answer: a) Goat producing antithrombin

Explanation:

(a) Correct → Antithrombin III from goat’s milk.
(b) Cow → Nutritional milk.
(c) Sheep → α1-antitrypsin for emphysema.
(d) Mouse → Research only.

Q12.

Which of the following is a limitation of edible vaccines?
a) Easy storage
b) Dosage variation and protein degradation
c) Non-immunogenic nature
d) Overproduction

Answer: b) Dosage variation and protein degradation

Explanation:

(a) Storage → They can be stored like crops.
(b) Correct → Hard to control dose; protein unstable.
(c) Incorrect → They do stimulate immunity.
(d) Incorrect → Production not a problem.

Q13.

Which Indian case was fought at the European Patent Office (EPO)?
a) Turmeric wound healing
b) Neem fungicide
c) Basmati rice
d) Bt cotton

Answer: b) Neem fungicide

Explanation:

(a) Turmeric → USPTO case.
(b) Correct → Neem patent revoked at EPO.
(c) Basmati → US RiceTec case.
(d) Bt cotton → Approved legally.

Q14.

The first DNA vaccine approved for humans was for:
a) Malaria
b) COVID-19 (ZyCoV-D, India)
c) Hepatitis B
d) Tuberculosis

Answer: b) COVID-19 (ZyCoV-D, India)

Explanation:

(a) Malaria → Still experimental.
(b) Correct → ZyCoV-D was world’s first approved DNA vaccine (2021).
(c) Hepatitis B → Recombinant protein vaccine, not DNA.
(d) TB → No approved DNA vaccine.

Q15.

Which organization challenged turmeric patent in the US?
a) ICAR
b) CSIR
c) GEAC
d) FAO

Answer: b) CSIR

Explanation:

(a) ICAR → Agricultural research.
(b) Correct → CSIR fought turmeric patent case.
(c) GEAC → GM crop regulator, not patents.
(d) FAO → Global agriculture, not patents.

Q16.

Which of the following is NOT a first-generation GM crop trait?
a) Pest resistance
b) Herbicide tolerance
c) Delayed ripening
d) Vitamin enrichment

Answer: d) Vitamin enrichment

Explanation:

(a) Pest resistance → First-gen trait.
(b) Herbicide tolerance → First-gen trait.
(c) Delayed ripening → Flavr Savr (first-gen).
(d) Correct → Vitamin enrichment (e.g., Golden Rice) is second-gen.

Q17.

Which is an example of somatic gene therapy?
a) ADA-SCID treatment
b) Editing germline cells
c) CRISPR modification in embryos
d) Designer babies

Answer: a) ADA-SCID treatment

Explanation:

(a) Correct → ADA-SCID gene therapy is somatic.
(b) Incorrect → Germline editing.
(c) Incorrect → Embryo editing.
(d) Incorrect → Germline concept.

Q18.

Which biosafety principle emphasizes acting early even with uncertain risks?
a) Sustainability principle
b) Economic principle
c) Precautionary principle
d) Productivity principle

Answer: c) Precautionary principle

Explanation:

(a) Sustainability → Different principle.
(b) Economic → Not biosafety.
(c) Correct → Precautionary = take preventive measures.
(d) Productivity → Agricultural, not biosafety.

Q19.

Which crop was developed with RNAi technology to resist nematodes?
a) Cotton
b) Brinjal
c) Tomato
d) Tobacco

Answer: d) Tobacco

Explanation:

(a) Cotton → Bt resistance to insects.
(b) Brinjal → Bt brinjal, insect resistance.
(c) Tomato → Flavr Savr, delayed ripening.
(d) Correct → Tobacco engineered via RNAi for nematode resistance.

Q20.

Which is a direct benefit of Bt cotton cultivation in India?
a) Resistance to fungal diseases
b) Higher fiber quality
c) Reduced insecticide use
d) No irrigation required

Answer: c) Reduced insecticide use

Explanation:

(a) Incorrect → Fungal diseases unaffected.
(b) Incorrect → Fiber quality same.
(c) Correct → Farmers spray fewer insecticides.
(d) Incorrect → Irrigation need unchanged.

Q21.

Which Nobel Prize discovery made induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells possible?
a) CRISPR-Cas9
b) Yamanaka factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc)
c) Double helix of DNA
d) PCR

Answer: b) Yamanaka factors

Explanation:

(a) CRISPR → Gene editing, not iPS.
(b) Correct → Yamanaka reprogramming (Nobel Prize 2012).
(c) DNA helix → Separate.
(d) PCR → DNA amplification.

Q22.

Which country first approved Bt brinjal for commercial use?
a) India
b) Bangladesh
c) USA
d) China

Answer: b) Bangladesh

Explanation:

(a) India → Approval delayed.
(b) Correct → Bangladesh approved in 2013.
(c) USA → No Bt brinjal.
(d) China → Research only.

Q23.

Which of the following is a false statement?
a) Recombinant insulin is called Humulin
b) Bt toxin is activated in acidic gut of insects
c) Gene therapy can be in vivo or ex vivo
d) Golden Rice contains β-carotene

Answer: b) Bt toxin is activated in acidic gut of insects

Explanation:

(a) True → Humulin.
(b) False → Activated in alkaline gut, not acidic.
(c) True → Two types of therapy.
(d) True → Golden Rice enriched with β-carotene.

Q24.

Which case highlighted the issue of patenting traditional Indian rice varieties?
a) Turmeric patent case
b) Neem patent case
c) RiceTec Basmati case
d) Flavr Savr tomato case

Answer: c) RiceTec Basmati case

Explanation:

(a) Turmeric → Wound healing.
(b) Neem → Fungicidal properties.
(c) Correct → Basmati rice varieties patented by RiceTec.
(d) Flavr Savr → Tomato shelf life, not Indian rice.

Q25.

Which is the overarching goal of biotechnology in health, agriculture, and industry?
a) Higher profits for companies
b) Improving quality of human life
c) Increasing number of GMOs
d) Replacing traditional practices entirely

Answer: b) Improving quality of human life

Explanation:

(a) Profits → Secondary, not main goal.
(b) Correct → Biotechnology aims at better health, food, environment.
(c) Incorrect → Not just more GMOs.
(d) Incorrect → Complements, not replaces.

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Part 8 – Mixed & Integrative MCQs