Part 7: Large-Scale Production & Downstream Processing (25 MCQs)
Part 7: Large-Scale Production & Downstream Processing – Bioreactors, Fermenters, Product Recovery (25 MCQs)
Q151. Large-scale production of recombinant products requires:
a) Small culture flasks
b) Bioreactors
c) PCR tubes
d) Micropipettes
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Bioreactors provide controlled environments for large-scale growth.
Q152. A bioreactor is:
a) Device for PCR
b) Large vessel providing optimum growth conditions for microbes/cells
c) DNA cutting machine
d) Protein denaturer
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Bioreactor = vessel for mass culture & product formation.
Q153. Optimum conditions in a bioreactor include:
a) Temperature
b) pH
c) Oxygen supply
d) All of the above
Answer: d
- d) Correct: All must be monitored & controlled for optimum growth.
Q154. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of stirred-tank bioreactor?
a) Better mixing of contents
b) Uniform nutrient distribution
c) Aeration control
d) Lack of sterile conditions
Answer: d
- d) Correct: Sterility is essential, not absent, in bioreactors.
Q155. A typical bioreactor is equipped with:
a) Agitator system
b) Oxygen delivery system
c) Foam control
d) All of the above
Answer: d
- d) Correct: Bioreactors contain stirring, aeration, foam, and monitoring systems.
Q156. The function of sparger in bioreactor is:
a) Mixing
b) Oxygen delivery as bubbles
c) DNA ligation
d) DNA cutting
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Sparger introduces sterile air bubbles for aeration.
Q157. The agitator in a bioreactor helps in:
a) Cutting DNA
b) Mixing contents uniformly
c) Killing microbes
d) Stopping growth
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Agitator = mixing for even nutrient & oxygen distribution.
Q158. Sensors in a bioreactor measure:
a) DNA sequences
b) Temperature, pH, oxygen levels
c) Protein structure
d) Antibiotic resistance
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Sensors monitor & maintain physical conditions.
Q159. The main difference between simple fermenters and stirred-tank bioreactors is:
a) Fermenters are small-scale, bioreactors are large-scale with control
b) Fermenters are always aerobic
c) Bioreactors lack stirring
d) Fermenters produce only antibiotics
Answer: a
- a) Correct: Bioreactors = advanced, controlled systems vs. basic fermenters.
Q160. Which type of bioreactor is used for shear-sensitive animal cells?
a) Stirred-tank
b) Airlift bioreactor
c) Both a and b
d) None
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Airlift bioreactors gently circulate without mechanical stirring.
Q161. Fed-batch bioreactor is preferred because:
a) Nutrients can be added in controlled manner
b) Prevents nutrient depletion
c) Reduces toxic byproducts
d) All of the above
Answer: d
- d) Correct: Fed-batch maintains growth & productivity efficiently.
Q162. Which recombinant product is NOT produced in bioreactors?
a) Insulin
b) Interferons
c) PCR products
d) Growth hormones
Answer: c
- c) Correct: PCR products come from thermocycler, not bioreactor.
Q163. The final step of recombinant product recovery is called:
a) DNA isolation
b) Downstream processing
c) Restriction digestion
d) Transformation
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Downstream processing = purification of product.
Q164. Downstream processing includes:
a) Separation and purification of product
b) Quality testing
c) Packaging
d) All of the above
Answer: d
- d) Correct: Downstream = isolation, purification, and quality testing.
Q165. Foam in bioreactors is controlled by adding:
a) Antibiotics
b) Antifoam agents
c) Enzymes
d) Detergents
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Antifoam agents prevent frothing in bioreactors.
Q166. Sterility in bioreactor is maintained by:
a) Autoclaving medium and equipment
b) Adding antibiotics
c) UV light
d) Freezing
Answer: a
- a) Correct: Sterile medium/equipment essential → autoclaving.
Q167. Scale-up in biotechnology means:
a) Increasing volume from lab to industrial scale
b) Increasing DNA size
c) Increasing PCR cycles
d) Increasing restriction sites
Answer: a
- a) Correct: Scale-up = shifting production from lab → industry.
Q168. The first recombinant therapeutic protein produced commercially in bioreactor was:
a) Insulin
b) Growth hormone
c) Interferon
d) Hepatitis B vaccine
Answer: a
- a) Correct: Recombinant human insulin (Humulin).
Q169. Cell density in a bioreactor is monitored by:
a) Optical density measurement
b) PCR
c) Antibiotic testing
d) Electrophoresis
Answer: a
- a) Correct: OD (spectrophotometer) measures microbial cell density.
Q170. Primary metabolites produced in bioreactors include:
a) Antibiotics
b) Vitamins, amino acids
c) Organic acids
d) All of the above
Answer: d
- d) Correct: Primary metabolites = products of normal growth.
Q171. Secondary metabolites include:
a) Antibiotics
b) Pigments
c) Alkaloids
d) All of the above
Answer: d
- d) Correct: Secondary metabolites produced after growth → antibiotics, pigments.
Q172. Bioreactors for plant cell culture are called:
a) Phytoreactors
b) Airlift fermenters
c) Photobioreactors
d) None
Answer: c
- c) Correct: Photobioreactors used for algal/plant cell culture.
Q173. Which is NOT part of downstream processing?
a) Fermentation
b) Filtration
c) Chromatography
d) Quality testing
Answer: a
- a) Correct: Fermentation = upstream; downstream = recovery & purification.
Q174. Recombinant insulin produced in E. coli is commercially known as:
a) Novolin
b) Humulin
c) Biogenin
d) Insugen
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Humulin = first recombinant human insulin.
Q175. In downstream processing, purification is achieved by:
a) Chromatography
b) Centrifugation
c) Precipitation
d) All of the above
Answer: d
- d) Correct: Multiple purification techniques used in combination.
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