Part 7: Parturition, Lactation & Birth Control

Part 7: Parturition, Lactation & Birth Control

Q1. The process of childbirth is termed:

a) Ovulation
b) Fertilisation
c) Parturition
d) Implantation

Answer: c) Parturition
Explanation:

• (c) Correct. Expulsion of the fetus at the end of gestation.
• Others are earlier reproductive processes.

Q2. Which hormone plays the key role in uterine contractions during parturition?

a) Progesterone
b) Oxytocin
c) Prolactin
d) Relaxin

Answer: b) Oxytocin
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. Oxytocin stimulates powerful uterine contractions.
• Progesterone relaxes uterus; prolactin = milk; relaxin = ligament softening.

Q3. Which hormone drops just before parturition to allow uterine contractions?

a) Progesterone
b) Estrogen
c) Oxytocin
d) Relaxin

Answer: a) Progesterone
Explanation:

• (a) Correct. Progesterone withdrawal allows oxytocin action.

Q4. Positive feedback in parturition involves:

a) Estrogen and FSH
b) Oxytocin and uterine contractions
c) Progesterone and relaxin
d) LH and GnRH

Answer: b) Oxytocin and uterine contractions
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. Contractions release oxytocin → stronger contractions → more oxytocin.

Q5. Relaxin during parturition is secreted by:

a) Pituitary
b) Ovary and placenta
c) Corpus albicans
d) Cervix

Answer: b) Ovary and placenta
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. Relaxes pelvic ligaments and cervix.

Q6. First milk produced after parturition is:

a) Colostrum
b) Mature milk
c) Whey
d) Transitional milk

Answer: a) Colostrum
Explanation:

• (a) Correct. Colostrum = yellowish, antibody-rich first secretion.

Q7. Colostrum is especially rich in:

a) IgA antibodies
b) IgG antibodies
c) IgM antibodies
d) Albumin

Answer: a) IgA antibodies
Explanation:

• (a) Correct. IgA protects infant mucosa from infections.

Q8. The hormone primarily responsible for milk production is:

a) Oxytocin
b) Prolactin
c) Estrogen
d) Relaxin

Answer: b) Prolactin
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. Prolactin (pituitary) stimulates milk synthesis.
• Oxytocin → milk ejection.

Q9. Milk ejection (let-down reflex) is mediated by:

a) Estrogen
b) Oxytocin
c) Prolactin
d) Progesterone

Answer: b) Oxytocin
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. Oxytocin contracts myoepithelial cells of mammary alveoli.

Q10. Lactational amenorrhea works as natural contraception because:

a) Prolactin suppresses GnRH
b) Estrogen level rises
c) Ovulation is stimulated
d) Corpus luteum is maintained

Answer: a) Prolactin suppresses GnRH
Explanation:

• (a) Correct. Prolactin inhibits GnRH → suppresses ovulation temporarily.

Q11. The natural family planning method based on safe period is also called:

a) Barrier method
b) Coitus interruptus
c) Rhythm method
d) Hormonal method

Answer: c) Rhythm method
Explanation:

• (c) Correct. Avoiding intercourse during fertile window.

Q12. Which is an example of a barrier contraceptive?

a) Copper-T
b) Condom
c) Oral pill
d) Injectable progestin

Answer: b) Condom
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. Condoms, diaphragms are barrier methods.

Q13. Copper-T (IUCD) prevents pregnancy mainly by:

a) Increasing progesterone
b) Stimulating estrogen
c) Preventing sperm motility and fertilisation
d) Inducing ovulation

Answer: c) Preventing sperm motility and fertilisation
Explanation:

• (c) Correct. Copper ions reduce sperm motility and viability.

Q14. Which contraceptive method protects against STDs?

a) Oral pills
b) Condoms
c) Copper-T
d) Injectables

Answer: b) Condoms
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. Only barrier methods (male/female condoms) protect against STDs.

Q15. Oral contraceptive pills mainly contain:

a) Estrogen and progesterone combination
b) Testosterone
c) Oxytocin
d) Relaxin

Answer: a) Estrogen and progesterone combination
Explanation:

• (a) Correct. Pills inhibit ovulation via negative feedback.

Q16. Emergency contraceptives like “morning-after pill” act by:

a) Enhancing implantation
b) Inhibiting ovulation and fertilisation
c) Stimulating follicular growth
d) Increasing corpus luteum function

Answer: b) Inhibiting ovulation and fertilisation
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. High-dose progestins prevent ovulation or fertilisation.

Q17. Vasectomy involves cutting of:

a) Epididymis
b) Vas deferens
c) Urethra
d) Penis

Answer: b) Vas deferens
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. Prevents transport of sperm to urethra.

Q18. Tubectomy involves cutting of:

a) Cervix
b) Fallopian tube
c) Uterus
d) Ovarian ligament

Answer: b) Fallopian tube
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. Blocks passage of ovum → permanent sterilisation.

Q19. Which of the following is a hormonal IUD?

a) Copper-T
b) Lippes loop
c) LNG-20 (progestin releasing)
d) Condom

Answer: c) LNG-20 (progestin releasing)
Explanation:

• (c) Correct. LNG-20 releases progestin to thicken cervical mucus.

Q20. Which contraceptive method is reversible and has the least side effects?

a) Condom
b) Tubectomy
c) Oral pills
d) Copper-T

Answer: a) Condom
Explanation:

• (a) Correct. Simple, reversible, no systemic side effects.

Q21. MTP (Medical Termination of Pregnancy) is safest when performed within:

a) 20 weeks
b) 12 weeks
c) 28 weeks
d) 36 weeks

Answer: b) 12 weeks
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. Safest during first trimester.

Q22. Which hormone helps initiate uterine contractions at term along with oxytocin?

a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) hCG
d) Prolactin

Answer: a) Estrogen
Explanation:

• (a) Correct. Estrogen enhances oxytocin receptor sensitivity.

Q23. Which of the following is NOT a hormonal contraceptive?

a) Oral pill
b) Injectables
c) Implants
d) Condom

Answer: d) Condom
Explanation:

• (d) Correct. Condom = barrier method, not hormonal.

Q24. Assertion (A): Prolactin is essential for milk production.

Reason (R): Oxytocin stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cells for milk ejection.
a) Both A and R true; R correct explanation
b) Both A and R true; R not explanation
c) A true, R false
d) Both false

Answer: a) Both A and R true; R correct explanation

Q25. Assertion (A): Vasectomy affects testosterone secretion.

Reason (R): Vasectomy removes testes from body.
a) Both A and R true
b) Both A and R false
c) A false, R true
d) A true, R false

Answer: b) Both A and R false
Explanation:

• Vasectomy only cuts vas deferens → testes remain intact, testosterone secretion unaffected.

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