Part 8: Mixed & Advanced MCQs (25 MCQs)
Part 8: Mixed & Advanced MCQs (25 MCQs)
Q176. Which of the following is NOT a pre-Darwinian theory of origin of life?
a) Special creation
b) Abiogenesis
c) Lamarckism
d) Mutation theory
Answer: d
- d) Correct: Mutation theory (De Vries) → post-Darwin. Others were pre-Darwin ideas.
Q177. Which evidence best supports common ancestry of all life?
a) Similar fossils
b) Universal genetic code
c) Analogous organs
d) Embryonic gill slits
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Genetic code is universal → strong molecular evidence.
Q178. The Miller–Urey experiment simulated:
a) Modern Earth’s atmosphere
b) Primitive Earth’s reducing atmosphere
c) Space environment
d) Volcano interiors
Answer: b
- b) Correct: H₂, CH₄, NH₃, H₂O vapor, no O₂ → reducing conditions.
Q179. Which one is a vestigial organ in humans?
a) Appendix
b) Liver
c) Kidney
d) Pancreas
Answer: a
- a) Correct: Human appendix = vestigial cecum.
Q180. Which is an example of convergent evolution?
a) Flippers of whale and fins of fish
b) Forelimbs of whale and bat
c) Heart of fish and mammals
d) Hindlimbs of horse and cow
Answer: a
- a) Correct: Different origin, same function = analogy.
Q181. Which is an example of divergent evolution?
a) Bat’s wing and human arm
b) Bird’s wing and insect’s wing
c) Dolphin’s flipper and shark’s fin
d) Eye of octopus and human
Answer: a
- a) Correct: Same origin, different function → homology.
Q182. Which type of natural selection explains industrial melanism?
a) Stabilizing
b) Disruptive
c) Directional
d) Balancing
Answer: c
- c) Correct: Shift towards dark-colored moths → directional selection.
Q183. The “struggle for existence” is central to the theory of:
a) Lamarck
b) Darwin
c) Wallace
d) Mendel
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Darwin → survival of the fittest via struggle for existence.
Q184. Which condition will disturb Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium?
a) Large population size
b) Random mating
c) Natural selection
d) No mutation
Answer: c
- c) Correct: Selection changes allele frequencies.
Q185. If q = 0.4, what is the frequency of heterozygotes (2pq)?
a) 0.24
b) 0.32
c) 0.48
d) 0.16
Answer: c
- c) Correct: p = 0.6 → 2pq = 2 × 0.6 × 0.4 = 0.48.
Q186. A small isolated population showing high frequency of rare alleles indicates:
a) Gene flow
b) Genetic drift
c) Natural selection
d) Stabilizing selection
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Rare alleles fixed in small populations by genetic drift.
Q187. Bottleneck effect occurs when:
a) A large population splits into subpopulations
b) Population reduces drastically → allele loss
c) Many mutations arise suddenly
d) Migration between populations increases
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Sharp reduction → bottleneck effect.
Q188. Which is NOT an agent of evolutionary change?
a) Mutation
b) Genetic drift
c) Natural selection
d) Random mating
Answer: d
- d) Correct: Random mating maintains equilibrium. Others cause evolution.
Q189. Gene flow tends to:
a) Increase genetic differences between populations
b) Reduce genetic differences between populations
c) Always reduce variation
d) Cause bottlenecks
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Migration homogenizes populations.
Q190. Which evolutionary concept explains Darwin’s finches?
a) Convergent evolution
b) Adaptive radiation
c) Mutation theory
d) Hardy–Weinberg principle
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Adaptive radiation → diversification into ecological niches.
Q191. Neanderthals showed which unique feature?
a) Use of fire
b) Dead burial practices
c) Cave art
d) Agriculture
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Neanderthals buried their dead → cultural behavior.
Q192. Cro-Magnon man is considered:
a) Ape-man
b) Early Homo sapiens
c) Australopithecus
d) Neanderthal
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Cro-Magnon = early Homo sapiens (modern humans’ ancestor).
Q193. Out-of-Africa hypothesis states:
a) Humans evolved simultaneously in many continents
b) Homo sapiens evolved in Africa, then spread
c) Neanderthals evolved into modern humans
d) Homo erectus was the first Homo sapiens
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Modern humans originated in Africa ~200,000 years ago.
Q194. Which evolutionary force is adaptive?
a) Mutation
b) Natural selection
c) Genetic drift
d) Bottleneck effect
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Natural selection leads to adaptation, others may be random.
Q195. Which supports “RNA world hypothesis”?
a) RNA can store information
b) RNA can act as enzyme (ribozyme)
c) RNA can self-replicate
d) All of the above
Answer: d
- d) Correct: RNA can store info + catalyze reactions → supports RNA world.
Q196. Which evolutionary evidence is MOST direct?
a) Fossils
b) Homologous organs
c) Molecular biology
d) Embryology
Answer: a
- a) Correct: Fossils = direct evidence, others = indirect.
Q197. The unit of natural selection is:
a) Allele
b) Individual
c) Population
d) Species
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Selection acts on individuals, but evolution occurs in populations.
Q198. The unit of evolution is:
a) Individual
b) Gene
c) Population
d) Chromosome
Answer: c
- c) Correct: Population = unit of evolution (allele frequency changes).
Q199. Which type of natural selection maintains heterozygotes in a population?
a) Directional
b) Stabilizing
c) Balancing
d) Disruptive
Answer: c
- c) Correct: Balancing selection → heterozygote advantage (e.g., sickle-cell trait).
Q200. Evolution is best defined as:
a) Survival of the fittest
b) Inheritance of acquired traits
c) Change in allele frequency in a population over generations
d) Appearance of new individuals
Answer: c
- c) Correct: Modern definition = evolution = change in allele frequency across generations.
Class 12 Biology MCQs, Evolution NCERT notes, NEET UG evolution questions, Darwin’s theory MCQs, Hardy Weinberg principle, Genetic drift NEET practice, Human evolution Class 12, Adaptive radiation questions, evolution class 12 biology MCQs, NCERT evolution chapter NEET questions, CBSE biology chapter 6 question bank, Darwin’s theory of evolution MCQs NEET, hardy weinberg principle class 12 solved questions, adaptive radiation human evolution NEET practice, gene flow and genetic drift class 12 MCQs, online learning evolution NEET preparation