Part 2: Microscopic Anatomy of Testis and Ovary — Histology & Cell Types

Part 2: Microscopic Anatomy of Testis and Ovary — Histology & Cell Types

Q1. The testis is surrounded by a dense connective tissue covering called:

a) Germinal epithelium
b) Tunica albuginea
c) Tunica vaginalis
d) Tunica media

Answer: b) Tunica albuginea
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. Dense fibrous capsule covering the testis.
• (a) Germinal epithelium — incorrect. Present in ovary, not testis.
• (c) Tunica vaginalis — incorrect. Outer serous covering derived from peritoneum.
• (d) Tunica media — incorrect. Found in arteries, not testes.

Q2. The functional units of the testis are:

a) Leydig cells
b) Sertoli cells
c) Seminiferous tubules
d) Epididymis

Answer: c) Seminiferous tubules
Explanation:

• (c) Correct. Seminiferous tubules are sites of spermatogenesis.
• (a) Leydig cells — incorrect. Produce testosterone, but not tubules.
• (b) Sertoli cells — incorrect. Support spermatogenesis inside tubules, not entire unit.
• (d) Epididymis — incorrect. Storage/maturation, not production.

Q3. Spermatogonia are located in which region of seminiferous tubules?

a) Lumen
b) Basal compartment near basement membrane
c) Adluminal compartment near lumen
d) Interstitial spaces

Answer: b) Basal compartment near basement membrane
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. Spermatogonia lie near basement membrane.
• (a) Lumen — incorrect. Contains mature spermatozoa.
• (c) Adluminal compartment — incorrect. Houses spermatocytes/spermatids.
• (d) Interstitial spaces — incorrect. Contain Leydig cells.

Q4. Sertoli cells are also known as:

a) Interstitial cells
b) Nurse cells
c) Acrosomal cells
d) Spermatocytes

Answer: b) Nurse cells
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. Provide nourishment and support to developing germ cells.
• (a) Interstitial cells — incorrect. Refers to Leydig cells.
• (c) Acrosomal cells — incorrect. No such histological term.
• (d) Spermatocytes — incorrect. Developing male gametes, not support cells.

Q5. The hormone inhibin is secreted by:

a) Leydig cells
b) Sertoli cells
c) Spermatogonia
d) Epididymis

Answer: b) Sertoli cells
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. Inhibin inhibits FSH secretion.
• (a) Leydig cells — incorrect. Produce testosterone.
• (c) Spermatogonia — incorrect. Germ cells, no hormones.
• (d) Epididymis — incorrect. Storage, not hormone secretion.

Q6. Leydig cells are located in:

a) Lumen of seminiferous tubules
b) Basal compartment
c) Interstitial spaces between tubules
d) Adluminal compartment

Answer: c) Interstitial spaces between tubules
Explanation:

• (c) Correct. Leydig cells lie between seminiferous tubules.
• (a) Lumen — incorrect. Contains spermatozoa.
• (b) Basal compartment — incorrect. Houses spermatogonia.
• (d) Adluminal — incorrect. Contains developing spermatocytes.

Q7. The spermatogenic cells in order from basement membrane to lumen are:

a) Spermatids → Spermatogonia → Spermatocytes → Spermatozoa
b) Spermatogonia → Spermatocytes → Spermatids → Spermatozoa
c) Spermatogonia → Spermatids → Spermatocytes → Spermatozoa
d) Spermatocytes → Spermatogonia → Spermatids → Spermatozoa

Answer: b) Spermatogonia → Spermatocytes → Spermatids → Spermatozoa
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. This is the maturation sequence in seminiferous tubules.
• Others are incorrect orders.

Q8. The ovarian cortex contains:

a) Corpus luteum and follicles
b) Blood vessels and nerves mainly
c) Germinal epithelium only
d) Uterine glands

Answer: a) Corpus luteum and follicles
Explanation:

• (a) Correct. Cortex houses follicles in various stages and corpus luteum.
• (b) Incorrect. Medulla contains most blood vessels/nerves.
• (c) Germinal epithelium — incorrect. Just outer surface, not entire cortex.
• (d) Uterine glands — incorrect. Found in endometrium, not ovary.

Q9. The ovarian medulla primarily contains:

a) Follicles
b) Corpus luteum
c) Blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves
d) Germinal epithelium

Answer: c) Blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves
Explanation:

• (c) Correct. Medulla is the vascular region of ovary.
• (a), (b), (d) — incorrect, as follicles and corpus luteum are in cortex.

Q10. A primary follicle differs from a primordial follicle by:

a) Larger size and cuboidal granulosa cells
b) Presence of an antrum
c) Presence of corona radiata
d) Surrounding theca layers

Answer: a) Larger size and cuboidal granulosa cells
Explanation:

• (a) Correct. Primordial → flat granulosa; primary → cuboidal granulosa.
• (b), (c), (d) — incorrect. Appear in later stages (secondary, tertiary follicle).

Q11. The fluid-filled cavity that appears in a growing follicle is called:

a) Zona pellucida
b) Antrum
c) Corona radiata
d) Theca interna

Answer: b) Antrum
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. Fluid-filled cavity characteristic of tertiary follicle.
• Others are follicular structures but not the cavity.

Q12. The ovulated oocyte is surrounded by:

a) Granulosa cells only
b) Zona pellucida only
c) Zona pellucida and corona radiata
d) Theca interna

Answer: c) Zona pellucida and corona radiata
Explanation:

• (c) Correct. Ovum is surrounded by zona pellucida (glycoprotein layer) and corona radiata (granulosa cell layer).

Q13. The theca interna cells of the ovarian follicle secrete:

a) FSH
b) Estrogen precursors (androgens)
c) Progesterone
d) Oxytocin

Answer: b) Estrogen precursors (androgens)
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. Theca interna cells produce androgens, which granulosa cells convert to estrogen.

Q14. The follicular cells surrounding the oocyte secrete:

a) Estrogen
b) Testosterone
c) Inhibin only
d) Progesterone

Answer: a) Estrogen
Explanation:

• (a) Correct. Granulosa cells secrete estrogen, essential for follicular phase.

Q15. The corpus luteum mainly secretes:

a) Estrogen only
b) Progesterone
c) Testosterone
d) FSH

Answer: b) Progesterone
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. Progesterone maintains endometrium for implantation.

Q16. The atretic follicle is:

a) A follicle undergoing ovulation
b) A regressing follicle that failed to mature
c) A follicle with antrum
d) The corpus albicans

Answer: b) A regressing follicle that failed to mature
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. Atresia is degeneration of follicles that don’t ovulate.

Q17. Zona pellucida is secreted by:

a) Theca interna
b) Follicle-stimulating hormone
c) Oocyte and granulosa cells
d) Leydig cells

Answer: c) Oocyte and granulosa cells
Explanation:

• (c) Correct. Zona pellucida is glycoprotein matrix secreted jointly.

Q18. The ovarian reserve refers to:

a) Number of Graafian follicles
b) Pool of primordial follicles in ovary
c) Antral follicle count
d) Corpus luteum count

Answer: b) Pool of primordial follicles in ovary
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. Ovarian reserve = finite number of primordial follicles present from birth.

Q19. Tunica albuginea of ovary lies:

a) Inside germinal epithelium
b) Around medulla
c) Inside corpus luteum
d) Surrounding antrum

Answer: a) Inside germinal epithelium
Explanation:

• (a) Correct. Tunica albuginea is dense connective layer beneath germinal epithelium.

Q20. The corpus albicans is:

a) Active corpus luteum
b) Degenerated corpus luteum scar
c) Secondary follicle
d) Zona pellucida remnant

Answer: b) Degenerated corpus luteum scar
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. White fibrous scar tissue after luteum regression.

Q21. The ovarian stroma is made up of:

a) Connective tissue with fibroblasts, blood vessels
b) Muscle tissue
c) Nervous tissue
d) Cartilage

Answer: a) Connective tissue with fibroblasts, blood vessels
Explanation:

• (a) Correct. Ovarian stroma is connective tissue.

Q22. Rete testis is located in:

a) Epididymis
b) Mediastinum testis
c) Vas deferens
d) Seminiferous tubule lumen

Answer: b) Mediastinum testis
Explanation:

• (b) Correct. Rete testis lies in mediastinum testis, connecting seminiferous tubules to efferent ductules.

Q23. Spermatids transform into spermatozoa during:

a) Meiosis I
b) Meiosis II
c) Spermiogenesis
d) Fertilization

Answer: c) Spermiogenesis
Explanation:

• (c) Correct. Differentiation of haploid spermatids into spermatozoa.

Q24. Granulosa cells are important because they:

a) Provide nourishment to oocyte
b) Convert androgens to estrogen
c) Form corona radiata
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation:

• (d) Correct. Granulosa cells serve all these functions.

Q25. The mature ovarian follicle ready for ovulation is called:

a) Primary follicle
b) Secondary follicle
c) Graafian follicle
d) Corpus luteum

Answer: c) Graafian follicle
Explanation:

• (c) Correct. Graafian follicle is fully mature and ovulates.

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