Chapter 2 – Human Reproduction covers male and female reproductive systems, gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, fertilisation, pregnancy, placenta, parturition, and lactation. NCERT-based MCQs from this chapter are vital for CBSE Class 12 exams and highly important for NEET UG preparation.

Chapter 3 – Reproductive Health focuses on the importance of reproductive health, birth control methods, prevention of STDs, medical termination of pregnancy (MTP), infertility, and assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). NCERT-based MCQs make this chapter vital for CBSE Class 12 and NEET UG exams.

Chapter 4 – Principles of Inheritance and Variation (Class 12 Biology, NCERT) explains Mendel’s laws, deviations like codominance and polygenic inheritance, linkage, crossing over, sex determination, and genetic disorders. MCQs from this chapter are vital for CBSE & NEET UG exams.

Chapter 5 – Molecular Basis of Inheritance explains DNA and RNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, genetic code, lac operon, genome projects, and DNA fingerprinting. MCQs from this NCERT-based chapter are crucial for CBSE Class 12 Board exams and NEET UG preparation.

Chapter 6 – Evolution (Class 12 Biology, NCERT) covers the origin of life, evidences of evolution, Darwin’s theory, Hardy–Weinberg principle, gene flow, genetic drift, adaptive radiation, and human evolution. MCQs from this chapter are vital for CBSE Boards & NEET UG exam prep.

Chapter 7 – Human Health and Diseases (Class 12 Biology, NCERT) covers pathogens, human diseases, immunity, vaccines, cancer, HIV/AIDS, and drug abuse. MCQs from this chapter are crucial for CBSE Boards and NEET UG, helping students master exam-focused concepts through practice.

Chapter 8 – Microbes in Human Welfare (Class 12 Biology, NCERT) explains the role of microbes in food processing, industry, sewage treatment, biogas, antibiotics, biofertilizers, and biocontrol. MCQs from this chapter are highly important for CBSE Boards & NEET UG preparation.

Chapter 9 – Biotechnology: Principles and Processes (Class 12 Biology, NCERT) explains genetic engineering, rDNA tools, cloning vectors, competent hosts, gene transfer methods, bioreactors, and product recovery. MCQs from this chapter are vital for CBSE Boards & NEET UG exams.

Chapter 10 – Biotechnology and Its Applications (NCERT Class 12 Biology) covers key topics like human insulin, gene therapy, vaccines, stem cell technology, Bt crops, GM crops, transgenic animals, biosafety issues, biopiracy, and patents. Crucial for CBSE Boards & NEET UG exams.

Population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution. (Topics excluded: Organism and its Environment, Major Abiotic Factors, Responses to Abiotic Factors, Adaptations)

Chapter 12 – Ecosystem (NCERT Class 12 Biology) explains components, productivity, decomposition, energy flow, food chains, food webs, ecological pyramids, succession, and nutrient cycles. Crucial for CBSE Board exams & NEET UG with NCERT-based MCQs and revision notes.

Chapter 13 – Biodiversity and Its Conservation (Class 12 Biology, NCERT) explores the concept, importance, patterns, and loss of biodiversity. It covers hotspots, extinction, endangered species, Red Data Book, sacred groves, and protected areas. Crucial for CBSE boards and NEET UG prep with MCQs.