Part 8: Genome Projects & DNA Fingerprinting (25 MCQs)
Part 8: Genome Projects & DNA Fingerprinting (25 MCQs)
Q176. The Human Genome Project (HGP) was launched in:
a) 1980
b) 1990
c) 2000
d) 2010
Answer: b
- b) Correct: HGP started in 1990 and completed in 2003.
Q177. The Human Genome Project was completed in:
a) 1995
b) 2000
c) 2003
d) 2010
Answer: c
- c) Correct: HGP was completed in 2003.
Q178. The main goal of the Human Genome Project was:
a) To sequence all proteins
b) To map and sequence all human genes
c) To study only mitochondrial DNA
d) To identify chromosomal disorders only
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Aim = sequence all ~3 billion bp of human DNA.
Q179. Human genome contains approximately how many genes?
a) 3,000
b) 30,000–35,000
c) 3 million
d) 3 billion
Answer: b
- b) Correct: About 30,000–35,000 protein-coding genes.
Q180. The total number of base pairs in haploid human genome is about:
a) 3 million
b) 3 billion
c) 30,000
d) 6 billion
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Human haploid genome ≈ 3 × 10⁹ base pairs.
Q181. The strategy used for sequencing in HGP was:
a) Cloning vectors and mapping, then sequencing
b) Direct RNA sequencing
c) Protein sequencing
d) Ribosomal analysis
Answer: a
- a) Correct: HGP used cloning into vectors → physical mapping → sequencing.
Q182. Which international body coordinated the Human Genome Project?
a) WHO
b) UNESCO
c) US Department of Energy & NIH
d) UN
Answer: c
- c) Correct: DOE and NIH coordinated HGP.
Q183. The first free-living organism to have its genome completely sequenced was:
a) E. coli
b) Haemophilus influenzae
c) Drosophila
d) Yeast
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Haemophilus influenzae (1995).
Q184. The first eukaryote to be sequenced was:
a) Human
b) Drosophila
c) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast)
d) Rice
Answer: c
- c) Correct: Yeast was the first eukaryotic genome sequenced.
Q185. The first multicellular animal genome sequenced was:
a) Human
b) C. elegans
c) Mouse
d) Rice
Answer: b
- b) Correct: C. elegans was first animal genome sequenced.
Q186. The rice genome was sequenced because:
a) It is smallest plant genome
b) It is staple food crop
c) It is monocot model plant
d) All of the above
Answer: d
- d) Correct: Rice chosen because it is small, staple, model monocot genome.
Q187. The approximate size of rice genome is:
a) 3 × 10⁶ bp
b) 3 × 10⁸ bp
c) 3 × 10⁹ bp
d) 6 × 10⁹ bp
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Rice genome ≈ 430 million bp (~3 × 10⁸ bp).
Q188. DNA fingerprinting is based on:
a) Exons
b) Introns
c) Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs)
d) Mitochondrial DNA
Answer: c
- c) Correct: DNA fingerprinting uses VNTRs/short tandem repeats.
Q189. DNA fingerprinting technique was developed by:
a) Alec Jeffreys
b) Watson
c) Crick
d) Jacob
Answer: a
- a) Correct: Sir Alec Jeffreys developed DNA fingerprinting in 1985.
Q190. In India, DNA fingerprinting was first used by:
a) M.S. Swaminathan
b) Lalji Singh
c) Hargobind Khorana
d) S. Chandrasekhar
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Dr. Lalji Singh is called the father of DNA fingerprinting in India.
Q191. DNA fingerprinting is commonly used in:
a) Paternity testing
b) Crime investigations
c) Population genetics
d) All of the above
Answer: d
- d) Correct: Applications include paternity, forensics, genetic diversity studies.
Q192. Which technique is widely used for DNA fingerprinting?
a) Western blotting
b) Southern blotting
c) Northern blotting
d) PCR only
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Southern blotting (developed by Edwin Southern) → basis of DNA fingerprinting.
Q193. Which type of DNA is analyzed in DNA fingerprinting?
a) Satellite DNA (tandem repeats)
b) Coding DNA
c) rRNA genes
d) mRNA
Answer: a
- a) Correct: DNA fingerprinting uses satellite DNA (VNTRs, STRs).
Q194. DNA profiling can distinguish individuals because:
a) Each person has unique VNTR patterns
b) Each person has same DNA
c) Only exons are analyzed
d) Ribosomes are compared
Answer: a
- a) Correct: VNTRs differ among individuals → unique DNA profile.
Q195. Which of the following is NOT true about DNA fingerprinting?
a) Based on polymorphism of DNA sequences
b) Useful in forensic science
c) Identical twins have different DNA fingerprints
d) Developed by Alec Jeffreys
Answer: c
- c) Correct: Identical twins have identical DNA fingerprints, unlike others.
Q196. Which molecular tool is often used along with fingerprinting?
a) PCR
b) DNA ligase
c) Helicase
d) RNA polymerase
Answer: a
- a) Correct: PCR amplifies VNTR regions before analysis.
Q197. Which blotting technique is used to detect RNA?
a) Southern blotting
b) Northern blotting
c) Western blotting
d) Eastern blotting
Answer: b
- b) Correct: Northern blotting → RNA detection.
Q198. Which blotting technique is used to detect proteins?
a) Southern blotting
b) Northern blotting
c) Western blotting
d) Eastern blotting
Answer: c
- c) Correct: Western blotting → proteins.
Q199. Which is the full form of STRs used in DNA fingerprinting?
a) Single Tandem Repeats
b) Short Tandem Repeats
c) Simple Tandem Repeats
d) Small Tandem Regions
Answer: b
- b) Correct: STR = Short Tandem Repeats.
Q200. DNA fingerprinting is most widely used in India for:
a) Crop improvement
b) Wildlife conservation and forensics
c) Blood grouping
d) Protein sequencing
Answer: b
- b) Correct: In India, wildlife conservation + criminal forensics are common uses.
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